1 / 16

1, Background : Research carrier and global issues

(Turkmenistan, 24.02.2010) Chemical analysis of silicon processes and development of new technologies for solar grade Si and solar breeder from the desert

cicely
Download Presentation

1, Background : Research carrier and global issues

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. (Turkmenistan, 24.02.2010) Chemical analysis of silicon processes and development of new technologies for solar grade Si and solar breeder from the desert H. Koinuma1,2, H. Fujioka2, J. Shimoyama２, M. Sumiya１, Y. Furuya3 １National Institute for Materials Science, ２The University of Tokyo, 3Hirosaki University 1, Background : Research carrier and global issues 2, Proposal of Science Council of Japan for climate change 3, Solar cell materials：Quality, quantity, science & technology 4, Chemical aspect of Si technology 5, SSB/ Desert solar breeder 6, Key Si technologies for SSB

  2. Energy resources on the earth １、Geothermal and radioactive energies since the birth of earth ２、Fossil fuels accumulated and concentrated by long time solar irradiation ３、Solar energy balanced in steady state energy flow of planet earth 　・Incident (real time) solar irradiation 　・Renewable natural energies: wind, hydro, biomass, etc

  3. Current trend of photovoltaic power generation (NEDO Roadmap, 2003) 2002 2007 2010 2020 2030 （年） ～50円/kWh Thin films comes into market Power price for private houses 30円/kWh Power price for industries Cost of electricity 23 \ /kWh New material 14\ /kWh Cost down by PV Generation shift 7\/kWh Competitive to Conventiona ways 出典：NEDO「2030年に向けた太陽光発電ロードマップ（PV2030）」 　　 経済産業省「第2回評価検討会経済産業省提出資料」　　

  4. Technology initiative and priorities Si dominates PV material FIT magic Si shortage hits Japan C-Si Si production in the world 9 kt (1985), 36 kt (2006) • Key points to think about energy：Quality, quantity, cost • What is the material to solve global energy crisis ? Si weight to electricity 10g 1 W 1 t  100 kW 10 kt  1 GW （10 km2) Solar cell resources vs. maximum PV energy Only Si can afford > 100 GW/yr. PV

  5. Thar Negev Gobi 18 2.3 64 Sonora 7.4 Sahara Great Sandy 626 34 n.a. low availability high Crop Steppe Desert NDVIymax 0.55 0.45 0.35 0.25 0.15 Solar Resource of World Six Deserts in TW 772 TW in total  ｘη(10%) 77 TW: 25 times as much as world energy demand (3 TW) IEA, Kurokawa

  6. Solar breederBy assuming 2 yrs energy payback time, solar cell production can be doubled every 2 years to increase 2MW PV to 100GW in 30 years Ｓｔａｒｔ(2012) ( 2014 ) ( 2012+n) (2030) (2044) 2MW PV power station x 1 +1= total 2 total= 2n/2 (made from Si 20t) 4 MW  64MW  1GW  >100GW Si plant (10t/yr) x 1 +1 + 2n/2-1 poly-Si PV plant x 1 +1 + 2n/2-1 200 kW PV power station in Mongol (Si: 2t) by NEDO-SharpPower distribution Hospital/communication center: 24 hrs/day 128 households: 16 hrs/day

  7. SEG-Siプロセスの概略： Siemens法 Ｄｉｓｐｌａｙ　ａｔ　Ｄｅｕｔｃｈ　Ｍｕｓｅｕｍ，　Ｍｕｎｃｈｅｎ SiO2 + 2C  Si + 2CO (MG: 98% pure) 水素化塩素化 SiHCl3 SiHCl3 + H2 Si + 3HCl (SEG> 10N)

  8. Photovoltaics: Materials and focused research targets Photovoltaics: Materials and focused research targets Flow chart from natural resources through Si-PV system Scare Research & Funding Abundant Research & Funding Resource Cell Feed Stock Parts Panel System Compounds Organics Quantum Thin-Films Si Crystalline SEG-Si SiO2 MG-Si Solar cells SOG-Si Shortage Defects in current Si process New Si technologies • I. Batch process • Low rate • Low yield • IV. Need of precursors (1) New Siemens CVD : MG-Si SEG-Si SiHCl3 Innovation SOG-Si (2) Direct reduction : SiO2 (Silicasand) + C Innovation HK & NM@NIMS

  9. Gas RF coil SiHCl3 (g) + H2 (g) → Si (s) + 3HCl (g) Cl Cl Dence H Radical H H H H （２） and (4) 4SiHCl3 (g) → 3SiCl4 (g) +Si (s) +2H2 (g) SiHCl3 SiHCl3 H H H H Si Si Si Si Si Si Si H SiHCl3 (g) +2H →Si (s) + 3HCl (g) Si rod growth Thermodynamic calculation by TH and HK An example to activate CVD

  10. 図3．高温超伝導ケーブル（右：住友電工製）による直流送電システム研究施設（左：中部大学）図3．高温超伝導ケーブル（右：住友電工製）による直流送電システム研究施設（左：中部大学） 　　　液体窒素冷却した4cm径ケーブルで約７００MVAの送電ができる 　　　（通常のCu線では14cm径のケーブル3本を2－3m径のトンネルに格納する必要）

  11. ＳＳＢ Plan for the future of space ship “earth” ○Shift of global energy system ： Fossil fuel / pipe line, tanker  　 PV ＋ HTSC Hwy. 　（High-C, Energy wasting society ） 　　 （Low-C, sustainable society） ○　　Shift of industrial structure Material: Steel industry 　　Silicon industry , Oxide-industry (Car) (Solar cell, HTSC application ) ○Return

  12. Environment CO2 Fixation Electronics Oxides and molecular Energy Solar cell Nano technology Molecular compounds CT at interfaces Oxide electronics Spintronics Photonics Moleculeｒ　electronics Organic FET, solar cell Oxide nano technology Crystal engineering Combinatorial technology High-Tc superconductor Josephson Junction Surface control and characterization Laser MBE Epitaxy of oxide thin film Amorphous superlattice PPP-CVD Atomic level control New function in inorganic thin film High-Tc superconductor Thin films by ac-SP and printing Amorphous silicon Reaction diagnostics, Quantum chemical design Polymer NMR Conformation analysis Alternating copolymerization Vinyl monomers CO2-Epoxide Laser (photo) processing Plasma chemistry Quantum chemistry Applied Physics Material synthesis Surface science Res. Career of H. Koinuma

  13. JAPAN as an advanced problem solution country Preceded by many energy and environmental crises Japanese high technologies evolved from problems • Shinkansen: Bullet train (1964-) and Super-MAGREV (in preparation) • Hybrid car • Catalyses to minimize chemical pollution (1960s-) • Sun-shine project to promote PV research (1974-) • Discovery of various new superconductors (1986-) (LSCO, BSCCO, MgB2, Co based Oxide, Fe-As-O) • Superconductor (Alloy and High-Tc) cables • 1, GENESIS: Global Energy Network Equipped with Solar cells and International Superconductor grids (Kuwano 1989) • 2, IEA’s PVPS Task (Kurokawa et al., since 1996) • 3, MSP: Mediterranian solar plan (Paris, 2008) • 4, ICSU Regional office for Africa Science plan: Sustainable energy in sub-Saharan Africa (2007) • 5, Sahara solar breeder plan (SCJ, 2007; G8+5@Rome, 2009) Proposals of Africa and intercontinental PV systems H. K@NIMS０９０３

  14. Guiding principle for global energy ・ Variety (multi sources and inter conversion) ・ Quality and quantity ( ~1% for spontaneous growth) 　 ・ Technology and lead time (need long range plan) 　 ・ Cost (manufacture, market, social) 　 ・ Linkage with environment ・ Policy Key factors towards 100GW PV Solar energy: Is it big enough and convertible efficiently ? Long term strategy for materials, devices, BOS, transmission Policy for feed-in and saving the earth International cooperation and policy

More Related