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COMPLEX EMERGENCIES: Measuring Effectiveness across a Multitude of Indicators. Frederick M. Burkle, Jr., MD, MPH Deputy Assistant Administrator Bureau for Global Health/USAID Senior Scholar, Scientist & Visiting Professor The Center for International Emergency, Disaster & Refugee Studies
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COMPLEX EMERGENCIES: Measuring Effectiveness across a Multitude of Indicators Frederick M. Burkle, Jr., MD, MPH Deputy Assistant Administrator Bureau for Global Health/USAID Senior Scholar, Scientist & Visiting Professor The Center for International Emergency, Disaster & Refugee Studies Schools of Public Health & Medicine The Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions
The Problem….. • Multiple decision-makers • Multiple indicators • Numerous phases • Multiple questions
Evolution of measures of effectiveness……. • First used in industry to measure reliability and performance • Used by military to measure performance of civil action programs in Viet Nam • Debut in Somalia as a way to measure security performance
Evolution of measures of effectiveness……. • Combined with other indicators to retrospectively measure multi-agency humanitarian performance* • lack of measures of effectiveness seen as contributory reason for operational failure of UNPROFOR in Yugoslavia • Adopted by UN Peacekeeping forces * Burkle FM, et al: Complex Emerg: MOEs, PDM 1995
Evolution of measures of effectiveness……. • Indicator research and application advances are primarily sector specific • Criteria: precisely defined, easily understood, reliable, valid, simple, informative
Evolution of measures of effectiveness……. • MOEs: combination of “essential indicators” that define critical pathways (the multi-sectoral/agency architectural response), measures performance both quantitative and qualitative, and defines an end-state or sustainability…….
Evolution of measures of effectiveness……. MOEs must be: • Appropriate to the critical pathway • Consistently measurable • Cost-effective (to limited resources) • Sensitive • Timely • Mission-related
Evolution of measures of effectiveness……. MOEs: • Combine political, social, economic and technical indicators • Be amenable to graphic display and trend analysis • Flexible, phase specific, and unifying • Should tell a story from beginning to end
Food Delivered CMR Develop trend analysis and end-point determination... T5 J4 Time Food Delivered (tons)
Evolution of measures of effectiveness…….Future • Demand for performance measures from Donor community….need to know why a program works and why it fails... • Integrative performance tool: MTCT integrated with antenatal care, public health infrastructure, political commitment/governance, prevention, etc., etc…...
Evolution of measures of effectiveness…….influences on complex emergencies: • Indicators and MOEs will drive policy…but still too early! • Must be reliable, valid and cross professional boundaries
Evolution of measures of effectiveness…….influences on complex emergencies: • Human rights seen as guiding principle for intervention and aid programs…. • Disaster-vulnerability assessments will inextricably tie early warning to multiple indicators and human rights….representing the Policy MOEs of the future