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Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases. Acids. Properties a substance that produce hydrogen ions (H + ) in solution conduct electricity well can taste sour corrosive (“eat away” metals) dehydrating agents (remove water from materials). Common acids

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Acids and Bases

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  1. Acids and Bases

  2. Acids • Properties • a substance that produce hydrogen ions (H+) in solution • conduct electricity well • can taste sour • corrosive (“eat away” metals) • dehydrating agents (remove water from materials)

  3. Common acids • sulfuric acid: most widely used chemical in the world, car batteries, production of fertilizers • phosphoric acid: make fertilizers and detergents • nitric acid: fertilizers and explosives • hydrochloric acid: stomach acid and to pickle (clean) metals • acetic acid: vinegar

  4. Bases (also called alkaline) • Properties • a substance that produce hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution • feel slippery • may taste bitter • conduct electricity well

  5. Common bases • ammonium hydroxide: most common, household cleaning agent, and in fertilizers • magnesium hydroxide: laxative, antacid • sodium hydroxide: drain and oven cleaner • Calcium carbonate: antacid (Tums, Rolaids)

  6. Measuring Acid/Base Strength • indicators are chemicals that change color in an acid or base • pH scale

  7. Neutralization • the chemical reaction between an acid and a base that produces “a salt” and water • acid + alkali → metal salt + water • HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O • acid + metal → metal salt + hydrogen • 2 HCl + Mg → MgCl2 + H2 • acid + metal oxide → metal salt + water • 2 HCO2H + MgO → Mg(HCO2)2 + H2O

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