P4 Explaining motion Topics P4.1 How can we describe motion? P4.2 What are forces?

1. P4 Explaining motion Topics P4.1 How can we describe motion? P4.2 What are forces? P4.3 What is the connection between forces and motion? P4.4 How can we describe motion in terms of energy changes?

2. P4 Explaining motion P4.1 How can we describe motion? 1. apply the following equation to situations where an average speed is involved: Speed (m/s)= distance travelled (m) time taken (s) 2. distinguish between average speed and instantaneous speed (in effect, an average over a short time interval) for examples of motion where speed is changing. 3. understand that distances measured in one direction are positive, and in the other, negative. 4. draw and interpret the shape of a distance-time graph. 5. draw and interpret the shape of a velocity-time graph.

3. P4 Explaining motion P4.1 How can we describe motion? The equation When an object moves in a straight line at a steady speed, you can calculate its speed if you know how far it travels and how long it takes. This equation shows the relationship Between speed, distance travelled and time taken: For example, a car travels 300 metres in 20 seconds. Its speed is 300 ÷ 20 = 15m/s.

4. P4 Explaining motion P4.1 How can we describe motion? Work it out! 1. The world speed record on water was set on October 8, 1978 by Ken Warbyof Blowering Dam, Australia. If Ken drove his motorboat a distance of 1000.0 m in 7.045 s, how fast was his boat moving? 2. Hans stands at the rim of the Grand Canyon and yodels down to the bottom. He hears his yodel echo back from the canyon floor 5.20 s later. Assume that the speed of sound in air is 340.0 m/s. How deep is the canyon? 3. According to the World Flying Disk Federation, on April 8, 2000, Jennifer Griffin of Fredericksburg, Virginia threw a Frisbee for a distance of 138.56 m to capture the women’s record. If the Frisbee was thrown horizontally with a speed of 13.0 m/s, how long did the Frisbee remain aloft?

5. P4 Explaining motion P4.1 How can we describe motion? Work it out! 4. It is now 8:59 am, but when the bell rings at 9:00 am Suzette will be late for Science class for the third time this week. She must get from one side of the school to the other by hurrying down three different hallways. She runs down the first hallway, a distance of 35.0 m, at a speed of 3.50 m/s. The second hallway is filled with students, and she covers its 48.0 m length at an average speed of 1.20 m/s. The final hallway is empty, and Suzette spring its 60.0 m length at a speed of 5.00 m/s Determine if Suzette makes it to class on time by finding how many seconds she arrives before or after the bell. b. Draw a distance vs. time graph of her motion.

6. P4 Explaining motion P4.1 How can we describe motion? Tasks: Describe the speed of the red and blue line.

7. P4 Explaining motion P4.1 How can we describe motion? Tasks: What is the difference between speed and velocity? Define acceleration and deceleration. Describe the velocity of the red and blue line.

8. P4 Explaining motion P4.1 How can we describe motion? Tasks:   Study the graph and answer the following questions:(a) Describe the journey alongOA, AB, BC(b) Calculate the acceleration during the first 20 seconds.(c) How long does the body has zero acceleration for?(d) Calculate the distance travelled during the journey.

9. P4 Explaining motion P4.1 How can we describe motion? http://www.tutorvista.com/content/science/science-i/motion/question-answers-5.php

10. P4 Explaining motion P4.1 How can we describe motion?

11. P4 Explaining motion P4.1 How can we describe motion? Defintions: Velocity can be defined as “speed having direction”. We can also define velocity as the “rate of change of displacement” whereas “the speed is rate of change of distance”. Displacement is the distance between the initial point and final point of an object. It must be the shortest interval connecting the initial and final points, that is a straight lin If two cars travelling at the same speed, but in opposite directions, have different velocities. One velocity will be positive, and the velocity in the other direction will be negative.

12. P4 Explaining motion P4.1 How can we describe motion? Work it Out! Look at the picture below, boy travels from D to A, A to B, B to C and C to D. a. What is the distance travelled? b. What is the displacement? Displacement from D to D (which are our initial and final points) is zero. However, distance travelled is not zero. It is equal to the perimeter of the rectangle.

13. P4 Explaining motion P4.1 How can we describe motion? Work it Out! John walks from the point A to B to C. What does the distance he travel? What is the displacement? Displacement is 5m and it's direction is from the point A to C.

14. P4 Explaining motion P4.1 How can we describe motion? Work it Out! Look at the picture. An object moves from point A through B, C, D, E and stops at point F. a) Find  final displacement. b) Find distance taken from point A to D. We find final displacement by drawing straight line from point A to final point F. As you can see from the graph, object changes its position 8m. Displacement = Final position - Initial position Displacement = 10m - 2m = 8m b) We find distance taken by object; A to B =10 - 2 = 8m B to C = 10 - 2 = 8m C to D = 10 - 6 = 4m Total distance taken from point A to D is = 8m + 8m + 4m =20m

15. P4 Explaining motion P4.1 How can we describe motion? Average Speed versus Instantaneous Speed Instantaneous Speed - the speed at any given instant in time. Average Speed - the average of all instantaneous speeds; found simply by a distance/time ratio. Average Velocity and Instantaneous Velocity Instantaneous velocity is the velocity at a given instant of time, however, as in the case of speed, average velocity is calculated with displacement over time interval.

16. P4 Explaining motion P4.1 How can we describe motion? Work it out! Calculate the speed and velocity of the man moving 45m to the north, and 36m to the south in 27 seconds. First we should calculate distance travelled and displacement of the man to calculate speed and velocity. Total distance covered = 45m + 6m = 81m Speed = total distance/time of travel = 81m / 27s = 3m/s Velocity = displacement/time = (45-36) m / 27s = 9m /27s = 0,33m/s We show with this example that speed and velocity are not the same thing.

17. P4 Explaining motion P4.1 How can we describe motion? Work it out! Example A man traveling with his car 150m to the east and than 70m to the west, calculate the average speed and velocity of the car if the travel takes10 seconds. Average Velocity=Displacement/Time Interval Displacement=150m-70m=80m Average Velocity= 80m/10s=8m/s east Average Speed=Total Distance Traveled/Time Interval Average Speed= (150m+70m)/10s Average Speed=22m/s

18. P4 Explaining motion P4.1 How can we describe motion? http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/add_ocr/explaining_motion/describingmotionrev2.shtml

19. P4 Explaining motion P4.1 How can we describe motion? Complete worksheet questions

20. P4 Explaining motion P4.1 How can we describe motion? Great work year 11, see you all tomorrow. Period 5 in room