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What is Psychology?. What movies have you seen with professional psychologists as characters?. kind of work done? area of specialty? how realistic was characterization?. Exercise: Psychologist as Scientist. List three adjectives that describe a typical scientist.
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What movies have you seen with professional psychologists as characters? • kind of work done? • area of specialty? • how realistic was characterization?
Exercise: Psychologist as Scientist List three adjectives that describe a typical scientist. List three adjectives that describe a typical psychologist.
Science: Where is Psychology? art chemistry ___1_________2_________3_________4_________5_________6_________7___ philosophy physics
Roots of Psychology – Pre-scientific Dualism – Mind/Body are separate and interact Monism – Mind/Body are parts of the same thing. • Hippocrates- mind/soul reside in the brain but not a physical substance. • Plato – used self examination(introspection) and concluded knowledge is Innate • Descartes – “I think, therefore I am” • Aristotle – mind/soul are a result of our anatomy and physiology. Knowledge is acquired by experience. • Locke – we are born a “blank slate” (tabula rasa) and experience fills the slate.
Psychology’s RootsPsychological Science is Born • Wilhelm Wundt (1879) • Founder of scientific psychology • Set up first lab in 1879 in Leipzig, Germany • Focused on structure of the mind and indentifying basic elements of consciousness using introspection.
Psychology developed into three different branches, or schools of thought • structuralism (structural elements) • functionalism (functions) • behaviorism (observable behavior)
Structuralism Thinking About the Mind’s STRUCTURE • Emphasizes consciousness and identification of elements of thought using introspection. • Wilhelm Wundt - studied consciousness using introspection. • G. Stanley Hall – brought introspection to U.S. at John Hopkins University, First President of American Psychological Association (A.P.A). • Edward Titchener– studied elements of consiousness at Cornell University. • Margaret Washburn – First woman to complete her Ph.D. in psychology
Functionalism – Thinking about the mind’s Function • Emphasizes how organisms uses its perceptual abilities to adapt to its environment. Want to EXPLAIN behavior by OBSERVING behavior. • William James – wrote Principles of Psychology. • Mary Whiton Calkins – first woman president of the A.P.A. • Functionalism paved the way for behaviorism and applied subfields of psychology.
Unit 1 Pop Quiz(get a piece of paper) A test of how you react to unexpected situations • Q#1: What did you experience when you learned of the “pop” quiz? (introspection) • Q#2: Which thoughts and emotions were Expressed by the class? (observable) • Q#3: What steps might you take to overcome anxiety when faced with unexpected situations?(applied)
Psychological Science Develops (1920s) LO #3 Sex Violence Unconscious Mind Sigmund Freud (childhood experiences and unconscious thought processes affect behavior)
Psychological Science Develops (1960s) Fidgeting Crying trembling • Behaviorism John B. Watson B.F. Skinner(reinforcement theory) “study of observable behavior”
+GET something -REMOVEsomething
“you be the parent”(1. You caught your son/daughter sneaking out the window on Sat night…..)(2. You want your son/daughter to study at least 1 hour every night….)
Psychological Science Develops 1960s Abraham Maslow(hierarchy of needs) • Humanistic psychology Carl Rogers (environmental influences, need for love and acceptance)
Psychological Science Develops 1960s And Cognitive-Behavioral theory. How do my thoughts affect my behaviors? • Cognitive Neuroscience(study of brain functioning) examples . . . What part of brain is working when we do arithmetic? What chemical allows us to react to physical excitement or danger?
Think / Feel / Do Stressful Peaceful 1 2 Sinful(Old Adam) Godly( New Man ) 5 6 3 Accepting Wronged Thought Feeling Action 7 4 Peaceful Anger Smile or a Shrug Horn & Finger! Example: Cut off by speeding, reckless motorist!
Assignment: Recall two occurrences when you recognize and then intentionally restructure your emotional response to a cognitive event. Prepare to share one in class.
Psychological Science Develops Psychology- Defined as: The Scientific study of Behavior and Mental processes. 3 parts Scientific study – collection and examination of data to prove or support hypotheses. Behavior – anything observable. Mental Processes – thoughts, feelings, sensations, perceptions. (unobservable)
Psychological Approaches/Perspectives • physiological and bio-chemical factors that determine behavior and mental processes. • how the natural selection of traits promoted the survival of the human species • how behavior is influenced by unconscious drives and conflicts • how organisms react to stimuli, learning as a result of experience. • how we encode, process, store and retrieve information • how we meet our needs for love and acceptance, and achieve self-fulfillment • how behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures biological evolutionary psychodynamic behavioral cognitive humanistic social-cultural
Psychology’s Subfields LO #6 psychometrics difference between basic and applied research?
basic research • investigates persistent traits • studies changing abilities throughout the life span • explores how we view and affect one another • studies influences on teaching and learning • explores link between brain and behavior • FIELDS: • Biological psychology • Developmental psychology • Educational psychology • Personality psychology • Social psychology
applied research • FIELDS: • Industrial/organizational psychology • Counseling psychology • Clinical psychology • psychiatry • helps people cope with adjustments, challenges, and crises • used in the workplace to help companies select and train employees • medical doctors who may prescribe drugs in treatment • assesses and treats mental, emotional, and behavior disorders • focuses on interaction of people, machines, and physical environments
Psychology’s Biggest Question • Nature-Nurture Issue biology vs. experience Are we a product of how we are born, biologically predisposed, DNA, etc.. OR are we a result of our experiences?
Unit 1 Review • What is Structuralisms goal and method? • What is Functionalisms goal and method? • What is the difference between Introspection and Observation? • Which modern approaches fit with Structuralism? • Which modern approaches fit with Functionalism?
Unit 1 Review • Who said: • “the mind is a tabula rasa” • “I think, therefore I am” • “We learn from experience” • “Knowledge is Innate”
Unit 1 Review • What is Structuralisms goal and method? • Emphasizes consciousness and identification of elements of thought using introspection. • What is Functionalisms goal and method? • Emphasizes how organisms uses its perceptual abilities to adapt to its environment. Want to EXPLAIN behavior by OBSERVING behavior. • What is the difference between Introspection and Observation? • Introspection is looking within and self reporting, while observation is reporting what behaviors you and others can see and measure. • Which modern approaches fit with Structuralism? • Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic, Humanistic, Evolutionary, Social Cultural • Which modern approaches fit with Functionalism? • Behavioral, Biological, cognitive
Unit 1 Review • Who said: • “the mind is a tabula rasa” - Locke - Monism • “I think, therefore I am” – Descartes - Dualism • “We learn from experience” – Aristotle - Monism • “Knowledge is Innate” - Plato - Dualism
Video: Vol. 1, DVD2, Psychological Disorders #2Postpartum Psychosis: The Case of Andrea Yates(7:00)
Set 5 Behavior of Andrea Yates(p. 9) Biological / Neuroscience – Behaviorism – Humanistic psychology – Evolutionary psychology – Psychoanalysis / psychodynamic – Developmental psychology – Cognitive psychology –
Set 6 Behavior of Andrea Yates(p. 9) Biological / Neuroscience – Behaviorism – Humanistic psychology – Evolutionary psychology – Psychodynamic psychology – Developmental psychology – Cognitive psychology –