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Mrs. Deau’s Introduction to Art Final Exam Review.
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Visual Journal /Sketchbook - a place to sketch people, places and objects, and to store ideas that can provide inspiration for future projects… a place to record the images in your mindSpine - the joint or hinge connecting the book covers Case - the cover of a book that consists of the front and back cover boards, spine and covering material Cover Board - any hard material cut to size and used as the foundation for the book cover
Cover Material - material (usually paper or cloth) used to cover the spine and cover boards Leaf - single sheet of paper or half of a folded sheet of paper Page - one side of a leafPastedown - the material that is adhered to the inside of the case to hide the covering material that is folded over
The ONLY way to get better at drawing is to draw!Sketching - a rough drawing used to capture the basic elements and structure of a situation often used as the basis for a more detailed workGestural drawing - a drawing done quickly to capture the essence of the subject, rather than to present a realistic rendering of details
Contour - the outline of a shape using one solid lineBlind Contour Drawing - is a method of drawing where an artist draws the contour of a subject without looking at the paper
Critique - the discussion or evaluation of visual artLine - an actual or implied mark, path, mass, or edge, where length is dominant.
Shape - When a line crosses itself or intersects with other lines to enclose a space it creates a shape. Shape is two-dimensional it has heights and width but no depth. Categories of Shapes…Geometric Shapes - circles, squares, rectangles and triangles. We see them in architecture and manufactured items.Organic Shapes - leaf, seashells, flowers, etc. We see them in nature and with characteristics that are free flowing, informal and irregular.
Perspective - the technique used to represent a three-dimensional world on a two-dimensional surface in a way that looks realistic and accurate. Perspective is used to create an illusion of space and depth on a flat surfaceVanishing Point - in perspective, the point on the horizon line in the distance where two lines seem to converge and visibility endHorizon Line - in a painting, a level line where land or water ends and the sky begin. A horizon line is used to attain the perspective of depth.
Orthogonal – straight lines leading to the vanishing pointHorizontal – a straight, side to side lineVertical – a straight, up-and-down line
Color Wheel - a round diagram that shows the placement of colors in relationship to each other, it is from the color wheel that one studies how to choose and combine colorsArm - the design that is replicated 12 times, circling the center of the color wheelStencil - a thin sheet of material, with letters or a design cut from it, used to produce the letters or design on an underlying surface by applying pigment through the cut-out holes in the material. The key advantage of a stencil is that it can be reused to repeatedly and rapidly produce the same letters or design.
Primary - red, yellow, and blue. With these three colors (and black and white) all other colors can be made. The primary colors themselves cannot be made by mixing other colors.Secondary - green, purple, and orange. These three colors are derived from mixing equal amounts of two of the three primary colors.Tertiary - made by mixing equal amounts of adjoining primary and secondary colors. Colors such as red-orange and blue-green are tertiary colors.
Warm Colors - colors whose relative visual temperature makes them seem warm. Warm colors or hues include red-violet, red, red-orange, orange, yellow-orange, and yellow. Cool Colors - colors whose relative visual temperatures make them seem cool. Cool colors generally include green, blue-green, blue, blue-violet, and violet.
Complimentary Colors - two colors directly opposite one another on the color wheel. When placed next to one another, complementary colors are intensified and often appear to vibrate. When mixed, a neutral is created. Red and green, blue and orange, and yellow and violet are complimentary colorsComplimentary Color Scheme - this color scheme uses opposite hues on the color wheel. These colors are across from each other on the wheel and have great contrastSplit Complimentary Color Scheme - this color scheme uses three colors, one color with the two colors on each side of its complement
Triad Color Scheme - this color scheme combines three colors equidistant on the color wheel and has a great deal of contrastAccented Neutral Color Scheme - this color scheme combines white, black, gray or brown with a bright color accent.Neutral - colors and values of very low saturation including white, black, gray, and brown
Monochromatic Color Scheme - this is a one-color plan that uses different tints, shades and intensities of the singular colorAnalogous Color Scheme - any set of three or five colors that are closely related in hue(s). They are usually next to each other on the color wheel.
Intensity - the brightness or dullness of a colorHue - the name given to a color, such as red, green or yellow. Value - the lightness or darkness of a color; contrasts between light and darkShade - a color produced by adding black to a hueTint - a color produced by adding white to a hueValue Scale - refers to the range of gray tones between black and white
Palette - a thin piece of plastic, wood or other material, or pad of paper, which is used to hold the paint to be used in paintingPalette Knife - a tool used by artists for scraping up and mixing the paint from the palette
Viewfinder - a tool used to look through to compose an image, this tool is helpful in selecting the most interesting composition to be found in a larger image by cropping out unwanted perimetersThumbnail - small image used to develop the initial concept for a designGrid enlarging - the process of using a grid to replicate another image precisely, on the same or a different scale
Shading - showing change from light to dark or dark to light in a picture by darkening areas that would be shadowed and leaving other areas light. Shading is often used to produce illusions of dimension and depth. Linear Hatching - creating tonal or shading effects with closely spaced parallel lines. The closer the lines are, the less white paper shows, and the darker the value appears. Heavier lineweight (pressing more firmly) also gives a darker appearance.Cross Hatching - uses layers of hatching placed at an angle. Usually, the first layer would be vertical, the next horizontal, the next at forty-five degrees, and so on. This methodical approach can look a little mechanical, so artists use this technique and vary the length, angle, closeness and other qualities of the lines to add interest.
Contour Hatching - hatching which follows a curved, contour line which can help to make objects appear more three-dimensional. Scumbling - creating tonal or shading effects with random, scribbled texture uses layers of small, scribbled marks to build up value and texture. Varying the direction and shape adds more interest than a simple circular scribble. Random Hatching - uses layers of short, straight marks. Various textures result depending on whether these short hatches are applied vertically, at right angles, following a contour or at random angles. Stippling - using tiny dots to create value. The closer together the dots, the darker the tone. Larger dots create a denser tonal value more quickly, but can look coarse.
Opaque - Something that cannot be seen through; the opposite of transparent, although something through which some light passes would be described as translucent. Reflection - An image given back by a reflecting surface, such as that of a mirror or still waters. Each ray of light that hits a surface is an incident ray of light. Rays that are neither absorbed, nor reflected, are scattered rays of light. A person sees a clearer reflection when a high number and percentage of rays are reflected, and a small number of rays are either absorbed or scattered. Highlight - The area on any surface which reflects the most light. Highlights and shadows are important to direct attention or to emphasize through use of color.Shadow - An area that is not or is only partially illuminated because an opaque object is between the area and the source of light.
Symmetrical - The parts of an image or object organized so that one side duplicates, or mirrors, the other. Its opposite is asymmetry - asymmetrical balance. Repetition - this term refers to a way of combining elements of art so that the same elements are used over and over again. Thus, a certain color or shape might be used several times in the same picture. Repetition also can contribute to movement and rhythm in a work of art.Design - A plan. The organization or composition of a work; the skilled arrangement of its part. An effective design is one in which the elements of art and principles of design have been combined to achieve an overall sense of unity.
Visual Story - telling a story using visual elements instead of written or verbal wordsSculptor - an artist who creates sculpturesSculpture - a three-dimensional work of art, or the art of making it. Such works may be carved, modeled, constructed, or cast. Sculptures can also be described as assemblage, in the round, and relief, and can be made in a huge variety of media. Armature - a skeleton-like framework to give rigid internal support to a sculpture
Paper-mâché - A material, made from paper pulp or shreds of paper mixed with flour and water which can be moldedormodeled into various shapes when wet and becomes hard and suitable for painting and varnishing when dry. Papier-mâché is almost always formed on an armature. A huge variety of free and inexpensive things can be used for the armature including cardboard - cut, folded or curled - and taped together with any combination of wood, wire, crumpled paper, Styrofoam, and pieces of scrap plastic.
Sculpture "In the Round" - a sculpture that is meant to be viewed from any angleRelief - a type of sculpture in which form projects from a backgroundKinetic sculpture - a sculpture that involves aspects of physical motion Fountain sculpture- a sculpture that is designed with moving water
