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Types of Teams in Organizations: A Comprehensive Overview

This chapter explores the different types of teams in organizations, including quality circles, project teams, production teams, and virtual teams. It also discusses team effectiveness, special issues in teams, team development, team training, and cultural considerations.

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Types of Teams in Organizations: A Comprehensive Overview

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  1. Chapter 13 Teams in Organizations Ryan McVay/Getty Images

  2. Module 13.1: Types of Teams • Reasons for increased use of teams: • Work can be performed concurrently rather than sequentially • Innovation & creativity promoted • Enable quick, effective development/delivery of products & services • Organizations learn & retain learning more effectively

  3. Groups & Teams: Definitions • Groups include members who may work together or may just share some resources • Teams include members whose tasks are interdependent; Work towards a common goal & share responsibility for outcomes • Groups & Teams have too much in common for any grand distinctions

  4. Types of Teams • Quality circles • Typically involve 6-12 employees who meet regularly to identify problems/generate ideas • Positive outcomes in short term but gains not sustained over time (honeymoon effect) • Decreasingly popular in US John A. Rizzo/Getty Images

  5. Types of Teams (cont’d) • Project teams • Created to solve particular problem • Disbanded after problem solved or project completed • Raise some organizational challenges – multiple reporting relationships.

  6. Types of Teams (cont’d) • Production teams • Consist of front-line employees who produce a tangible output • Autonomous work group: Type of production team with control over a variety of functions • Research findings unclear, more research is necessary John A. Rizzo/Getty Images

  7. Virtual Teams • Composed of widely dispersed members working together toward a common goal; linked through technology • Pose several advantages to organizations • Trust is a critical concern; Increase via: • Virtual-collaboration, virtual-socialization, and virtual-communication behaviors

  8. A Specialized Team: Airline Cockpit Crew • Benefit from an organizational context that provides: • Challenging objectives • An education system • An information system

  9. Module 13.2: A Model of Team Effectiveness • Input-Process-Output Model • Enables understanding of how teams perform & how to maximize performance Figure 13.1 The Input-Process-Output Model of Team Effectiveness Source: Adapted from Gladstein (1984).

  10. Organizational context Provide necessary resources Team task Task to be performed Team composition Attributes of team members Shared mental models Team diversity Demographic & psychological diversity Team Inputs

  11. Norms Informal rules of a team Communication & coordination Social loafing Cohesion Degree of desire to remain in team Decision making Groupthink Team Processes

  12. Team Outputs • Team performance • Often reflected in objective measures • Team innovation • Team member well-being

  13. Module 13.3:Special Issues in Teams • Team appraisal & feedback • Should provide team with information needed to identify team problems & further develop team capabilities • Extent to which team behaviors & outputs can be measured must be considered • ProMES

  14. Team-role theory (Belbin, 1993) • Effective teams contain a combination of individuals capable of working in 9 team roles • Used predominantly in Europe & Australia • Plant • Resource investigator • Coordinator • Shaper • Monitor evaluator • Team-Worker • Implementer • Completer • Specialist

  15. Team Development • Changes occur in teams as they develop over time • 5 stages of development 1. Orientation (forming) 2. Conflict (storming) 3. Structure (norming) 4. Work (performing) 5. Dissolution (adjourning) PhotoLink/Getty Images

  16. Team Training • Involves coordinating performance of individuals who work together to achieve a common goal • 3 Strategies • Cross-training • Team coordination training • Team leader training

  17. Cultural Issues in Teams • Applying Hofstede’s cultural dimensions • Implications for teams • Individualism vs. collectivism • Long-term vs. short-term orientation • Effect of cultural & national backgrounds of team members

  18. Teams and Culture Teams tend to be well-received in collectivistic cultures Picture 13.4

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