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This overview discusses the potential of classifying users based on abnormalities and pathology in the visual system for biometric identification on handheld devices. It also presents a proposed experiment and highlights problems with the human visual system.
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Biometric Identification Using Visual System Classification on Handheld Devices Robb Zucker
Overview • The human eye and visual system • Classification potential based on visual system abnormalities and pathology • Proposed experiment
Problems with the visual system • The National Institute for Health (NIH) lists as many as 15 common causes for decreased visual acuity • Some physical abnormalities to the visual system are inherent from birth (congenital) • Others, more commonly, occur with age (presbyopia)
Light sensitivity • Light sensitivity decreases as we age, as early as age 20. The intensity of illumination for light to just be seen is doubled every 13 years thereafter • Due to: • resting diameter of pupil decreases (senile miosis) • Lens opacification • Vitreous humor opacification
The dress… • Blue with black trim? • White with gold trim? Many factors effect how we see or perceive colors and shapes
The Experiment • Create an app that forces users into difficult reading situations • Capture both the light sensitivity rating and the orientation for each user • Classification using K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm
Device sensors and controls • INPUTS • Sensor.TYPE_LIGHT: Ambient light level in SI lux units • Sensor.TYPE_ORIENTATION: values[0]: Azimuth values[1]: Pitch, rotation around x-axis values[2]: Roll, rotation around the x-axis • OUTPUTS • Settings.System.SCREEN_BRIGHTNESS
Effective Brightness Correct backlight brightness value for ambient light passively illuminating the device
As effective brightness is increased, in what orientation are users holding the device?
Expected results For a given brightness level person A person B person C Machine-Learning classification system based on k Nearest Neighbor (k-NN)
Application • Additional security safeguard in a broader security system • As a compliment to challenge question • As a compliment to user defined security icon
References • [1]Vision and Perception - Visual Processing • http://medicine.jrank.org/pages/1805/Vision-Perception-Visual-processing.html • [2] University of Calgary http://ucalgary.ca/pip369/mod9/aging/sensitivity • [3] Unar, J. A., Woo Chaw Seng, and Almas Abbasi. "A review of biometric technology along with trends and prospects." Pattern recognition 47.8 (2014): 2673-2688. • [4] News report via internet: • http://fox13now.com/2015/02/26/what-color-is-this-dress-viral-photo-stirs-intense-internet-debate/ • [5] Ross, Arun, and Anil Jain. Multimodal biometrics: An overview. na, 2004. • [6] National Institute of Health website: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003029.htm • [7] Ullah, Abrar, et al. "Graphical and text based challenge questions for secure and usable authentication in online examinations." Internet Technology and Secured Transactions (ICITST), 2014 9th International Conference for. IEEE, 2014.