China's First Email Connection: A Momentous Collaboration

1. The Story of China’s First Email LinkHow It Got Changed Presentation at the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China, July 12, 2012 Jay Hauben hauben@columbia.edu

2. The Internet 1973 to the present Developed as an open, scientific and engineering collaboration International from the very beginning Guided by a vision of a big advance to human society A new universal inexpensive communications system.

3. In July 1972 a group of US computer scientists visited China to exchange expertise 在上海计算所进行非正式的讨论 Computing in China: A Travel Report (Covering 3 weeks in July 1972) 中国计算技术：考察报告（1972年7月历时三周） Science Magazine, 1973, Volume 182, Issue 4108, pp. 134-140 科学杂志，1973年 第182期 发行号：4108，134-140页 3

4. In November 1972, China sent a computer scientist, Li Fu-sheng, Shengyang Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences on the first team of Chinese scientists to tour the US.

5. 创造TCP/IP的部分积极参与者 1973-1978 5

6. .* Europe > Germany > Karlsruhe Karlsruhe in Southwest Germany

7. Professor Werner Zorn

8. 王运丰 Senior Advisor of the Chinese Institute for Computer Applications (ICA)

9. ICA Chinese Institute for Computer Applications 中国计算机应用研究所 Located at the Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT) Under the Chinese State Commission of Machinery Industry To provide data processing and computer services to small and medium organizations that could not afford their own computer installations. The ICA became a foremost computer networking center.

10. The World Bank Chinese University Development Project II (1982) $145 million Import into China of 19 mainframe computers Siemens BS2000 manufactured in West Germany. One Siemens BS6200 went to the ICA Institute for Computer Applications in Beijing 中国计算机应用研究所

11. Professors Zorn and Wang collaborated to organize the first Chinese Siemens Computer Users Conference (CASCO) September 1983 “Would Professor Zorn do something more for China?” That planted the seed that grew into the Chinese-German computer networking collaboration

12. CSNET = Computer Science Network Email network started in the US 1981 Based on ordinary telephone lines and switches using a communication protocol with the name X.25

14. ICA and Karlsruhe team members in Beijing

15. The First CSNET Email Message to Leave China (http://www.internetdigital.org/image/firstemail.jpg)

16. The transmission of this first email message over an X.25 connection. Over a telephone land line: ICA Siemens computer to PKTELCOM Over a satellite link to ITAPAC, Italy Over a landline data network: DATEX-P, Germany to Karlsruhe Siemens host Over a local data network to Karlsruhe VAX 11/750, the central CSNET node for Germany. Over a satellite to CSNET center in Boston From Boston distributed to CSNET participating computers worldwide

19. IHEP EMAIL LINK 1989 IHEP (China) <- - -> SLAC (USA) The Institute for High Energy Physics (IHEP) belonging to the Chinese Academy of Science opened an email connection in 1989 with its partner in the US, the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) in California. Message Handling Systems (MHS) were set up in 1990 between the German Research Network (DFN) and the Chinese Research Network (CRN) and between the Beijing Tsinghua University Network (TUNET) and its partner in Canada at the University of British Columbia (UBC).

20. IHEP TCP/IP LINK 1994 IHEP (China) <- - -> SLAC (USA) On May 17, 1994, IHEP and SLAC established a full TCP/IP connection between China and the US. The internet protocol, TCP/IP allows for full internet functionality. This connectivity opened the internet to China and China to the internet.

22. Dr. Li Cheng Chiung Ruan Ren Cheng Mary Ann Plubell 2003

23. China-CSNET connection developed 1983-1987 中国计算机网络接入的发展 1983-1987 Werner Zorn and Wang Yufeng 维纳.措恩王运丰 Karlsruhe University Institute for Computer Germany Application China 德国卡尔斯鲁大学中国计算机应用研究所 23

24. The official time lines contain some seriously mistaken information and are also omitting important facts. They cause hereby fatal misinformation meanwhile spread all over the world

25. Madame Hu Qiheng

26. The Internet Timeline of China 1987~1996 http://www.cnnic.net.cn/html/Dir/2003/12/12/2000.htm 1. In September 1987, with the support from a scientific research group led by Professor Werner Zorn of Karlsruhe University in Germany, a working group led by Professor Wang Yunfeng and Doctor Li Chengjiong built up an Email node in ICA, and successfully sent out an Email to Germany on Sep 20th. The Email title was "Across the Great Wall we can reach every corner in the world."

27. Madame Hu Qiheng Professor Werner Zorn

28. “The international collaboration in science and technology is the driving force for computer networking across the country borders and facilitating the early Internet development in China.” Mdm Hu Qiheng

31. "Just as Germany was helpful with China establishing an email link with the CSNET in 1987, today China is offering its experience to Vietnam in network construction and to the DPRK in setting up and managing the domain name system of dot KP.“ Qian Hualin Chief Scientist and Vice President of the Internet Society of China

32. Thank you for your attention 谢谢 hauben@columbia.edu This story is told at ‘Across the Great Wall’: The China-Germany Email Connection 1987-1994 http://www.columbia.edu/~hauben/china-email.doc 32