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FDISK

FDISK. Partitioning Hard Disks. History. We bought our new hard disk drive Right size for BIOS and OS Right connections (PATA/SATA) We installed our new drive Red stripe to Pin 1 Power connector Master/Slave jumper set correctly – or- Serial ATA connector and power connector

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FDISK

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  1. FDISK Partitioning Hard Disks

  2. History • We bought our new hard disk drive • Right size for BIOS and OS • Right connections (PATA/SATA) • We installed our new drive • Red stripe to Pin 1 • Power connector • Master/Slave jumper set correctly – or- • Serial ATA connector and power connector • We checked that the new drive “shows up” in CMOS

  3. Partitioning a Drive • We need to create one, or more, partitions on a drive as a first step to data storage • Partitioning sets the boundaries for our data/files area • Partitioning is loosely related to what file system (next topic) we intend to use • Partitioning sets the drive letter assignment (C:, D:, etc.)

  4. Why Partition • DOS 3.3 could only use a 32 MB partition, even as disk sizes grew beyond that • Today, Windows can use up to 2.2TB with MBR • Allows flexibility in how you use a drive: C: for Windows, D: for data, E: for pictures… • Partitioning allows for more than one OS on a hard disk drive – though not recommended • Partitioning sets boundaries for FORMAT

  5. Partitioning Creates • Master Boot Record (MBR) – small code file that transfers control from POST to OS; it lives in the Boot Sector • Partition Table, also in Boot Sector, stores information about partition(s). Sector 0.

  6. Partition Boot Sector Stores location of boot file. Partition Partition

  7. Primary Partitions • Primary Partition stores the OS • Have to have (at least) one Primary • Primary must be set Active to boot • In Windows, the Primary Partition is C: • In theory, we could have four Primaries, but FDISK only allows for one; Disk Manager allows four

  8. Multiple Primary • Here is an example of multiple Primary Partitions, but still only one is Active:

  9. Extended Partition Type • Not required for bootable system; optional • Extended Partitions are NOT bootable, can’t store a bootable OS here • Can only have one Extended Partition on a physical drive • We have to further divide the Extended Partition into “Logical Drives” – which get drive letters – before we can use the area • EP does not get a drive letter

  10. Dynamic Disks • Introduced with Windows 2000 • Also called Dynamic Storage Partitioning • Works with “Volumes” not Partitions • Can span: A volume can be part on one (physical) hard drive and part on another (physical) hard drive. • Proprietary to Microsoft; has to be done “after the fact” – after OS is installed • XP Home and Media Center won’t do this

  11. Dynamic Volumes • Simple is like a Primary Partition – basic vanilla flavor • Spanned uses two sections of two drives as one drive letter. Risky • Stripped volumes are Raid 0 – half data goes on one drive, half on another • Mirrored volumes are Raid 1 – same data goes on two physical drives • Raid 5 requires three drives for data, data and parity

  12. GUID Partitions • Globally Unique Identifier Partition Table (GPT) • Large number of partitions • Disk “Translation” is over • 32- and 64-bit code is possible • Have to have Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) motherboard • Allows for disks above 2.2TB • Only in 64-bit versions of Windows

  13. Hidden Partitions • Some computer makers use these to store image of hard drive for restore operations • Normally, you don’t see this partition – special utilities access it • Can not create one with FDISK

  14. Partitioning Tools • FDISK – DOS, Windows up to ME • Disk Administrator – Windows NT • Disk Management – Windows 2K, XP, Vista and 7 • With FDISK, you can’t change a partition without deleting it first: total destruction of data; DM allows some changes • Third-party tools (PartitionMagic) allow changes to existing partitions

  15. What it looks like MBR Primary Partition C: 0 GB 200 GB Primary Partition C: Extended Partition

  16. What it looks like MBR Primary Partition C: 0 GB 200 GB Primary Partition C: Extended Partition Logical Drives Drive D: Drive E:

  17. File Systems • Windows NT • Windows 95a • Windows 95b • Windows 2000 • Windows XP • Windows Vista NTFS 4 FAT 16 FAT 32 NTFS (4), 5

  18. FDISK Opener

  19. FDISK Main Menu

  20. Viewing Current Partition(s)

  21. FDISK Main Menu

  22. Creating a Partition

  23. All One Partition?

  24. Then How Big? Make sure this is the drive you want! Number (for size) or number+% for size

  25. Here it is Not formatted yet Status is blank

  26. FDISK Main Menu

  27. Drive Letter Assignment • Primary Partitions • Logical Drives (within Extended Partition) • All non-hard disk drives

  28. Deleting Partitions

  29. When you have a second drive Notice additional option

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