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Taste and olfaction

Taste and olfaction. Morfology and embryology. Organum gustatorium Taste apparatus. Gemma gustatoria (Caliculus gustatorius) = taste bud Porus gustatorius Tongue , soft palate, valeculae, epiglottis Taste pathway – 3 neurons. Gemma gustatoria taste bud. Development during 11. – 13. week

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Taste and olfaction

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  1. Taste and olfaction Morfology and embryology

  2. Organum gustatoriumTaste apparatus • Gemma gustatoria (Caliculus gustatorius) = taste bud • Porus gustatorius • Tongue, soft palate, valeculae, epiglottis • Taste pathway – 3 neurons

  3. Gemmagustatoriataste bud • Development during 11. – 13. week • Cells penetrate from chorda tympani, n. IX, and n. X • Reaction with fastened swallowing and mimics (26.týden) • Three types of cells – totally 100 - 150 • taste cells. (epiteliocytus gustatorius) – microvilli • 3 types of cells • Secondary receptors (type I) • Epitheliocytus sensorius gustatorius type II and III • Supportive cells (epiteliocytus sustenans) • basal cells (epiteliocytus basalis) – type IV

  4. Gustus = taste • Basic taste • sweet, salty, bitter, sour, umami (sodium glutamate) • other (fat) • Each bud percieves all tastes • Located on p. vallate, foliate and fungiformae

  5. Projection→ ascending → Sensorytaste path 3 – neuronal path • neuron: • Soft pallate  nn. palatini minores  ganglion pterygopalatinum (! w/o interpolation !)  n. petrosus major  ganglion geniculi  n. intermedius  nucleus tractus solitarii • ventral 2/3 tongue (= dorsum linguae)  n. lingualis  chorda tympani  n. intermedius  nucleus tractus solitarii • dorsal 1/3 tongue (= radix linguae)  n. IX  ganglion inf. et sup. n. IX  nucleus tractus solitarii • epiglottis, aditus laryngis  n. X  ganglion inf. et sup. n. X.  nucleus tractus solitarii • neuron: nucleus tractus solitarri  thalamus (nucleus ventralis posteromedialis), to motor nuclei of cn, RF • neuron: thalamus  brain cortex /lobus parietalis - area 43, gyrus postcentralis/ and anterior insulay, gyrus parahippocampalis and habenula ncl. parabrachialis  limbic cortex of telencephalon (shortcut bypass thalamus)

  6. Organum oflactoriumČichové ústrojí • čichová sliznice v nosní dutině • strop, horní skořepa a stěny • 5 cm2 • čichový epitel • čichová dráha (n.I)

  7. 6-8 cilias, 107 bipolar neurons, regio olfactoria=4-6 cm2

  8. Olfactory epithelium • cca 13. – 15. week – differentiation of epithelium • Four types of cells • Basal cells (Epitheliocytus basalis) • Unmature cells („globose cells“) • Mature cells (Epitheliocytus neurosensorius olfactorius) – cilie, axon • Primary receptor • Supportive cells (Epitheliocytus sustenans) – nuclei apically • Olfactory glands – Bowman • Serous secret, odorant-binding protein, IgA

  9. Preparát 96 / A1

  10. Pheromonal substances in male (better known) Androstenol – create sexual appetite in female Androstenol is brought down by axillary Corynebacterium to androstenon that is aversive (urea) Androstenon – creates sexual aversion in females

  11. Pheromones in female? • Androstadion? • 5 ovulatory fatty acids? (release during ovulation) • Evidence: • Synchro females cycles and its higher frequency if living together • (In Berlin center for human etology)

  12. Projection→ ascending → SensoryOlfactory path 2 - neurons • neuron: neuroepithelial cells in pars olfactoria cavitatis nasi  fila olfactoria pass via lamina cribrosa ossis etmoidalis into skull cavity • neuron: mitral cells in bulbus olactorius  tractus olfactorius  trigonum olfactorium  gyri olfactorii med. et lat. (= former stria)  two principal direction: • limbic system - corpus amygdaloideum + lobus temporalis (uncus gyri parahippocampalis, area entorhinalis /area 28/, periamygdalar cortex, prepiriform cortex) and from here to hypothalamus and insula • nuclues mediodorsalis thalami - orbitofrontal cortex /area 11, (12,47)/

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