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11/19/12 West Africa

11/19/12 West Africa. Objective: Describe the impact of the spread of Islam and list 4 locations where the religion spread other than the Middle East Do Now: List 4 locations where Islam spread between 600-1400 CE Middle East Conflict? West Africa Mali in the News.

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11/19/12 West Africa

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  1. 11/19/12 West Africa Objective: Describe the impact of the spread of Islam and list 4 locations where the religion spread other than the Middle East • Do Now: List 4 locations where Islam spread between 600-1400 CE • Middle East Conflict? • West Africa • Mali in the News

  2. Modern States with a Sizable Muslim Population

  3. Anatolia/Turkey Spain- Cordoba India- Turks/Delhi Sultanate West Africa

  4. The Abbasid Empire at Its Peak

  5. Late Abbasid Eras • Abbasid empire weakened, 9th-13th centuries • Extravagance • Shi’a revolts and assignation attempts • Succession not secure- led to civil war • Decline in position of women • Harems, veil, upper class forces to stay in home, slaves were more educated- polygamy - • Nomadic attacks • Buyaids then Seljuk Turks took Baghdad • Turks purged Shia and added strength to defend against Egypt and Byzantines

  6. Interactive Map Spread of Islam • http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/history/MHL/WW/interactiveMaps/Expansion_of_Islam/Expansion_of_Islam.htm

  7. Baghdad

  8. Achievements in the Sciences • Math • Built on Greek work • Chemistry • Experimentation • Specific weights • Map making • Paper making, silk, ceramic pottery • Captured Chinese who knew how to make paper)

  9. Did Arab conquerors reach a “natural” limit (I) to expansion due to geography? - Taurus mountains/Hindu Kush/Pyrenees

  10. Spain- Cordoba

  11. 12th Century school of astronomy and chemistry at Cordoba(Spain)

  12. Early tolerance for Christians, and Hebrews Lots of interaction and learning Many Christians adopted culture but not Islam Tension rose with Crusades and Reconquista

  13. Christian Crusades • 1099 Jerusalem is taken (Muslims face political divisions and are taken by surprise) • Jews and Muslims are massacred • Saladin- unites Muslims and retakes lands • Last of 8 crusades 1291

  14. Impact Christian Crusades • Muslim World- little impact • Europe- hard to say because of interactions with Muslim Spain • Weapons damascene swords • Techniques for building fortifications • Physicians • Recovery of Greek learning • Arabic numerals (Indian numerals) • Rugs/cloth • Foods- dates, coffee, yogurt

  15. The Spread of Islam,10th-16th Centuries

  16. Anatolia/Turkey

  17. Anatolia • Turks invaded Anatolia the same time as India • Sufi missionaries- replaced Christian institutions • Large conversions 90% by 1500 • Smaller population- but large Turkish settlement • Destruction of Byzantine society • Social benefits to conversion

  18. India- Turks/Delhi Sultanate

  19. Political Divisions and the First Muslim Invasions • First as traders, 8th century

  20. Patterns of Conversion • Converts especially among Buddhists, lower castes, untouchables • Also, conversion to escape taxes • Muslims fleeing Mongols, 13th, 14th centuries • High-caste Hindus remain apart • Muslims also often fail to integrate

  21. The Coming of Islam to South Asia (India) • By 1200, Muslims rule much of north, central • Conflict between two different systems • Hindu religion v. Muslim monotheism • Muslim egalitarianism v. Indian caste system

  22. Early Islam in India

  23. Indian Influences on Islamic Civilization • Science, math, medicine, music, astronomy---ZERO!!!!! • India influences Arab world!!!!

  24. Stand-off: The Muslim Presence in India at the End of the Sultanate Period • Brahmins v. ulama (Scholars) • Separate communities

  25. West Africa

  26. Trans-Sahara Trade (click for video) • Ghana, Mali, and Songhai were powerful trading kingdoms ruled by monarchs • Drew upon trade wealth, slaves • Like East Africa: cosmopolitan, urban, visitors, Islam

  27. Peaceful – not conquest- traders Mostly Urban Provided leaders with legitimacy Timbuktu – 150 schools/ libraries Arabic becomes the language of trade No Sharia or Islamic law!!!

  28. West Africa Mali

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