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Chapter Forty-Four

Chapter Forty-Four. Steering Systems. Objectives. Describe the similarities and differences between parallelogram, worm and roller, and rack-and-pinion steering linkage systems. Identify the typical manual steering system components and their functions.

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Chapter Forty-Four

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  1. Chapter Forty-Four Steering Systems

  2. Objectives • Describe the similarities and differences between parallelogram, worm and roller, and rack-and-pinion steering linkage systems. • Identify the typical manual steering system components and their functions. • Name the five basic types of steering linkage systems.

  3. Objectives (Cont’d) • Identify the components in a parallelogram steering linkage arrangement and describe the function of each. • Identify the components in a manual rack-and-pinion steering arrangement and describe the function of each.

  4. Objectives (Cont’d) • Describe the function and operation of a manual steering gearbox and the steering column. • Explain the various manual steering service procedures. • Describe the service to the various power steering designs.

  5. Objectives (Cont’d) • Perform general power steering system checks. • Describe the common four-wheel steering systems.

  6. Parallelogram Steering Components • Pitman arm • Connects the linkage to the steering gear. • Idler arm • Supports the center link to the frame. • Center link, drag link, or steering link • Controls sideways linkage movement. • Tie-rods • Connect linkage to the steering knuckles.

  7. Parallelogram Steering

  8. Rack-and-Pinion Steering • Rack • Is a toothed bar in a metal housing that acts similarly to a center link. • Pinion • Is a worm gear attached to the steering column that transfers movement to the rack. • Tie-rods • Connect the rack to the steering knuckles.

  9. A Rack-and-Pinion Steering System

  10. Power Steering System Types

  11. Power Steering Pump Types • Roller • Vane • Slipper • Gear

  12. Power Steering Components • Fluid • Pump • Fluid reservoir • Flow control valve • Pressure relief valve • Hoses • Gearbox or rack

  13. Electronic Power Steering Systems • Pressure control valve (PCV) type • Uses a current-controlled valve to vary power steering system pressure. • Variable effort steering (VES) type • Uses a pulse width modulated valve to vary power steering system pressure. • Magna-steer type • Uses a spool valve and electromagnetic device to control the amount of assist.

  14. Excessive play Feedback Hard steering Nibble or slight shimmy Pulling or drifting Shimmy Poor return Wandering Common Steering System Complaints

  15. Tire Wear Patterns

  16. Power Steering Leak Points

  17. Air Bag Safety Precautions • Always wear safety glasses. • Follow the manufacturer’s procedure for disarming the system before servicing. • Never probe the connectors on the air bag module. • Always carry an air bag module with the trim facing away from your body.

  18. Air Bag Safety Precautions (Cont’d) • Never set a live air bag module down with the trim cover facing down. • Wash your hands with soap and water after working around a deployed air bag.

  19. Summary • The components of a manual steering system include the steering linkage, steering gear, and the steering column and wheel. • Basic components of a parallelogram steering linkage system include the pitman arm, idler arm, links, tie-rods, and in some designs, a steering damper.

  20. Summary (Cont’d) • In rack-and-pinion steering linkage, steering input is received from a pinion gear attached to the steering column. • There are three types of manual steering gears in use today: recirculating ball, worm and roller, and rack-and-pinion.

  21. Summary (Cont’d) • The major components of a conventional power steering system are the steering linkage, power-steering pump, valves, reservoir, hoses, and gearbox. • There are several variations of electronically controlled steering systems in use today.

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