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THE HUMAN BODY

THE HUMAN BODY. SKELETAL AND MUSCULAR SYSTEMS. OUR BONES. -Our bones do several things for us, not the least of which is to give our body structure.

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THE HUMAN BODY

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  1. THE HUMAN BODY SKELETAL AND MUSCULAR SYSTEMS

  2. OUR BONES -Our bones do several things for us, not the least of which is to give our body structure. -Bones also serve to protect vital areas of our body. For instance, our lungs and heart are protected by our sternum and ribs, while our brain is protected by our skull.

  3. BONES CONTINUED • You are born with 300 bones. As you grow, many join together. Therefore, doctors say adults have 206 bones. • The outside of our bones is hard and made up of minerals such as calcium • The soft spongy insideis called marrow

  4. MARROW • Blood flows through our bones through the marrow. • Our red and white blood cells are created within our marrow.

  5. MUSCLES • There are 3 types of muscle: skeletal, smooth and cardiac. • Muscles serve a variety of purposes but one of the most important is to make our body move.

  6. Skeletal Muscles • Skeletal muscles, or voluntary muscles, are usually attached to bones at the two ends. • These muscles are used to move our various body parts.

  7. Smooth Muscles • Smooth muscles are found in our organs. • Blood vessels, the walls of tubes and our respiratory (breathing) tract are examples of where these would be found. • The are mainly involuntary.

  8. Cardiac Muscles • Cardiac Muscles are the muscles found in our heart. • They are also involuntary; meaning they work without conscious effort.

  9. Joints, Muscles and Connective Tissue • A jointis an area of the body where two bones come together. • Bones are connected to each other with cords known as ligaments. • Muscles are connected to our bones with tendons.

  10. Muscle Contractions • When we need to move a part of our body, the musclesin that area contract (pull together) which in turn pulls the bone they are attached to. For instance, our bicep (inside or our upper arm) bends our elbow jointtowards us.

  11. Hinge Elbow Joint Note that the Bicep is contracting

  12. More on Muscles • Muscles often work in groups with one set of muscles responsible for moving the bonesone way and another set responsible for the opposite motion. • In the case of our arms, it is our biceps that curl our arms up and our triceps that straighten our arms out.

  13. Types of Joints • Hinge joints allow movement in one direction like our elbows. • Ball and Socket joints allow twisting and turning movement like our shoulders. • Pivot joints allow are joint to swivel.

  14. Types of Joints • Gliding joints allow two flat bones to slide over each other (ankles, wrists) • Saddle joints allow our thumb its flexibility • Condyloid joints are special joints that allow movement in 2 planes.

  15. DOUBLE JOINTED? • Double Jointed means that you have extra long ligaments that allow your joints to bend further than normal. • It does not mean you have two joints.

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