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Cell Division

This review provides an outline of cell division, emphasizing the differences between mitosis and meiosis. It explains the importance of cell division for multicellular and unicellular organisms, discusses the steps and results of mitosis and meiosis, and highlights the types of cells produced in each process.

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Cell Division

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  1. Cell Division By: Mr. Kauffman

  2. Cells Review What is cell division? Mitosis 4 Steps of Mitosis Results of Mitosis Meiosis 8 Steps of Meiosis Results of Meiosis 2 Types of Cell Division Outline

  3. Cells Review • Cell: smallest part of any living thing that carries out the functions necessary to support life • Unicellular organism: living thing made up of 1 cell • Multicellular organism: living thing made up of many cells

  4. What is cell division? • Cell division: a way to produce more cells • Usually 1 cell divides to make 2 cells • Why is cell division important to multicellular organisms? • Its how they grow • Replace cells that have died Cancer cell dividing

  5. What is cell division? • Why is cell division important to unicellular organisms? • Its how they reproduce E. Coli cell dividing

  6. Mitosis • Mitosis: process when the cell divides to form 2 identical cells • Produces normal body cells • Skin and muscle cells • The cells produced are identical to each other and to the original cell

  7. Mitosis • Mitosis has 4 steps: 1. Prophase 2. Metaphase 3. Anaphase 4. Telophase

  8. 4 Steps of Mitosis • Prophase • 1st step • Nucleus disappears • Chromosomes form (look like X’s) • These are how the DNA is stored in our cells

  9. 4 Steps of Mitosis • Metaphase • 2nd step • Chromosomes are lined up in the middle of the cell

  10. 4 Steps of Mitosis • Anaphase • 3rd step • Chromosomes are pulled apart • ½ of each chromosome goes to each end of the cell

  11. 4 Steps of Mitosis • Telophase • 4th step • The cell begins pinching in at the middle • Eventually the 1 cell splits to form 2 cells • Process is known as cytokinesis • Each new cell has its own nucleus and DNA

  12. Results of Mitosis • Mitosis produces normal cells in the body • Skin and muscle cells • 1 cell splits to form 2 cells • The new cells are identical to each other (same DNA) • The new cells are also identical to the original cell (same DNA)

  13. Meiosis • Meiosis: cell division that produces reproductive cells • Reproductive cells are also called gametes • 2 basic types of gametes (reproductive cells) • Females – egg cells • Males – sperm cells

  14. Why Meiosis is Needed • Fertilization: combining of sperm and egg cells to form a zygote • the zygote then grows and develops into a new organism

  15. Meiosis • Meiosis has 8 steps • Basically goes through mitosis twice • There are 2 cell divisions

  16. Meiosis • 8 Steps of Meiosis • Prophase 1 • Metaphase 1 • Anaphase 1 • Telophase 1 • Prophase 2 • Metaphase 2 • Anaphase 2 • Telophase 2

  17. Results of Meiosis • Meiosis produces reproductive cells (gametes) • Sperm and egg cells • 1 cell splits to form 4 cells • The 4 new cells have ½ of the DNA that the original cell had • Haploid cells: cells with ½ of the amount of DNA of a normal cell • Diploid cells: cells with the normal amount of DNA

  18. 2 Types of Cell Division in Humans Mitosis Characteristics Meiosis Normal body cells (skin and muscle) Types of cells produced Reproductive cells (egg and sperm) 4 # of steps 8 PMAT (1 and 2) PMAT Step names 2 # of cells produced 4 46 (single) # of chromosomes in cells 23 (single) Identical (same DNA) Comparison to original cell ½ the DNA

  19. 2 Types of Cell Division in Humans

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