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Carpentry

Carpentry. Grades of Lumber and Plywood . Hardwood Or Softwood Hardwood comes from deciduous trees such as oak, birch, walnut, maple, and hickory. Softwood comes from evergreen conifers such as pine, cedar, cypress, fir, and redwood. Roughed or Dressed

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Carpentry

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  1. Carpentry

  2. Grades of Lumber and Plywood • Hardwood Or Softwood • Hardwood comes from deciduous trees such as oak, birch, walnut, maple, and hickory. • Softwood comes from evergreen conifers such as pine, cedar, cypress, fir, and redwood

  3. Roughed or Dressed • Rough or nominal sized lumber is the actual size or full-dimension • A 2” x 4” is actually that size with rough surfaces • Dressed or surfaced on all four sides lumber is smaller than rough lumber and is smooth. • A dressed 2” x 4” is actually 1 ½ “ x 3 ½ “, and 1” thick boards are actually ¾” thick

  4. Select or common • Select lumber is free of knots and blemishes, and select grades are A,B,C, and D. • Common Lumber is general-purpose wood and may have knots and blemished. • Grade No. 1 is a general-purpose wood that may have sound, smooth knots up to 2” in diameter. • Grade No.2 is used for flooring and framing and has large knotes and blemishes. • Grade No. 3 has loose knots or knotholes and is used for shelving and some types of framing • Grade No. 4 and No. 5 are poor quality used for temporary structures.

  5. Plywood • Plywood is made by gluing odd numbers of veneers (layers) of wood to make 4’ x 8’ or 4’ x 12’ sheets of different thickness. • Hardwood or softwood outside layers • Exterior has waterproof glue. Interior may or may not have waterproof glue • AC is exterior plywood with A face and C back • AD is interior plywood with A face and D back

  6. Plywood • Veneer Grades • A – Best, smooth, paintable, may have some neat repairs • B – Solid, some tight knots, splits and repairs • C – tight knots up to 1 ½”, knot holes up to 1”. • D – Knots and knotholes up to 2 ½” splits

  7. OSB • OSB is Oriented Strand Board in the same sizes as plywood. It is made from strands, flakes, or wafers sliced from small diameter logs and bonded with exterior glue under heat and pressure. OSB is engineered so that the wood is oriented, not randomly placed like wafer board.

  8. Particle board • Particle board is manufactured sheets of wood made from ground up scrap wood, sawdust, and glue

  9. Shiplap • Shiplap is a board with rabbet cut on each edge • (rabbet is a recess or groove cut)

  10. Tongue and Grooved Boards • Tongue and grooved boards have a tongue or lip on one edge and a groove on the other edge so that the lip of one side fits into the groove on another board

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