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Review of “Isms”. The belief that the history has been created by conflicting interests--the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. Socialism. The belief that equality under the law and constitutionalism are paramount to good government. Liberalism.
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The belief that the history has been created by conflicting interests--the bourgeoisie and the proletariat Socialism
The belief that equality under the law and constitutionalism are paramount to good government Liberalism
Spreading of economic, political, social or other control over foreign lands and people (post-industrial age) • Imperialism
Strong sense of belonging to one group based on language, culture, history; desire for unified country • Nationalism
Mazzini, Garibaldi, Cavour • Unifiers of Italy
Frederick Wilhelm, Otto von Bismarck • Unifiers of Germany
Karl Marx, Frederick Engels • Brains behind socialism
Alexis de Tocqueville • Wrote “Democracy in America” • Liberal theorist • Supporter of Constitutional Monarchy • Supporter of Reform not revolution
Positive view toward nature, human emotion, against Ind Rev • Romanticism
Germany after Napoleon I • 38 German State Confederation
Germany over last 300 years • 300 Germans provinces and princes • Holy Roman Empire • Peace of Augsburg • 30 Years War/Peace of Westphalia • Rise of Prussia • Hohenzollerns, Brandenburg • Confederation of the Rhine • German Confederation • Who should lead—Big Germans, Small Germans
Herder’s romantic concept • Volkgeist—spirit of the people
Other German romantic nationalists • Grimms Brothers, Treischke, Fabri,
1848 Revolution in Prussia sequence • Frankfurt Assembly • Attempt to unify Germans • Disagree over Big/Small Germans • Not organized • Crown offered to FW IV • Frederick William IV turns down crown • German Confederation 39 states
Austria areas of revolution • Vienna—constitution, liberal, German • Prague—nationalist, Czechs/Bohemians, failed, government crushed • Budapest—Magyars/Hungarians, Kossuth, March Laws, crushed after several months (1849)
Magyar leader • Kossuth
Other revolutions 1830-1848 • Greece • Italy • France—1830 deposed Chas X • France—1848 Feb, June
Sardinia, Papal States, Austrian territories, Piedmont • Before Italian Unification--all independent states • Joined the Italian confederation
What other areas of the world have written about and fought for national identity? • Greece, Croatia, Serbia, Kosovo, Bosnia, Chechnya, Taiwan, etc.
Slogan “Blood and Iron” • Otto von Bismarck
Realpolitik means • Do whatever is necessary to carry out goals; politics of reality • Bismarck
French Revolution was this kind of revolution • Liberal Revolution
3 ways Italy was unified: • Diplomacy • War • Public support
In order to unify Italy, Cavour allied with what country? • France
Key imperialists: • Stanley, Livingstone • Kichener • Rhodes • DeBrazza • Leopold II
Cecil Rhodes, Emigration Societies • Rhodes was an British Imperialist • Cairo to Capetown Railroad design • Emigration Societies got men and women to go to colonies
South Africa, Egypt, India, Ghana, Nigeria • English colonies • gradual decolonization emphasized
Indochina, Algeria, Tunisia • French colonies • Assimilation emphasized • Revolutions necessary to decolonize
Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico • American “Spheres of Influence” • After Spanish American War
Lenin believed it was the highest stage of Capitalism • Imperialism due to industrialism • Need for markets and resources
Fascism is its worst enemy • Liberalism • Individual rights, constitutionalism
New imperialism is different from old colonialism in what way? • Industrial age • Need for markets and raw materials • Highest stage of capitalism
Motivations for Imperialism… • Raw materials and markets • Civilizing mission • Living space • National power
Colonial Conflicts • Sudan—Omduran—England, Muslims • Fashoda—England v. France; N Africa • Boer War—S. Africa; Eng v Dutch
Meeting where rules for splitting Africa created • Berlin Conference 1885
Imperialism’s Affect on Women-- • Need for talented women in the colonies • Serve national needs of mother country • Jill of all trades
Imperialism’s Affect on Indigenous people? • Outside control of resources • Outside control of economy and gov’t • People begin to want independence
Africa was known as the Dark Continent--Why? • Europeans did not know much about the interior of Africa • Diseases and lack of maps/transportation kept them along coastal areas
True or False: Decolonization is the process of getting independence from imperialists • True