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Energy Future: Coal “Clean” Energy ?

Energy Future: Coal “Clean” Energy ?. Enhancing Thermodynamic Reversibility and Capturing and Recycling of Carbon-dioxide. NIU-SIU-ANL Meeting September 24, 2007. Prof. M. Kostic Mechanical Engineering NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY. Humanity’s Top Ten Problems for next 50 years.

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Energy Future: Coal “Clean” Energy ?

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  1. Energy Future:Coal“Clean”Energy ? Enhancing Thermodynamic Reversibilityand Capturing and Recycling of Carbon-dioxide NIU-SIU-ANL Meeting September 24, 2007 Prof. M. Kostic Mechanical Engineering NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY www.kostic.niu.edu

  2. Humanity’s Top Ten Problemsfor next 50 years • ENERGY (critical for the rest nine) • Water • Food • Environment • Poverty • Terrorism & War • Disease • Education • Democracy • Population 2006: 6.5 Billion People 2050: 8-10 Billion ( 1010 ) People www.kostic.niu.edu

  3. What Are We Waiting For? • (1)An Energy Crisis ? • (2)A Global Environmental Problem? • (3)An Asian Technology Boom? • orLeadership www.kostic.niu.edu

  4. The two things are certain • (1)the world population and their living-standard expectations will substantially increase(over 6 billion people now, in 50 years 10-11 billion - energy may double) • (2)fossil fuels’ economical reserves, particularly oil and natural gas, will substantially decrease(oil may run out in 30-50 years) www.kostic.niu.edu

  5. YES! Thermodynamicsan almost forgotten science Kostic’s primary research activities and interest are in FUNDAMENTALS & APPLICATIONS of ENERGY … a science of ENERGY … the Mother of all sciences … check-and-balance ENERGY accounting … Energy efficiency enhancement and optimization … provides VISION and future ENERGY solutions www.kostic.niu.edu

  6. Nanotechnology potentials … • Enabling Nanotech Revolution(s)Nanotech to the rescue … (1) Nano multifunctional materials (2) Nano electronics & super-computers (3) Nano sensors & actuators (4) Nano devices & robotics (5) Nanophotovoltaics & photocatalitics (6) Nano super-conductors (adv. transmission and el. motors) (7) Nano energy-storage (adv. batteries & hydrogen) (8) Nano bio-materials (synthetic fuels, pharmaceuticals, …) Some examples:Armchair Wire Project: electrical conductivity of copper at 1/6 the weight with negligible eddy currentsSingle Crystal Fullerene Nanotube Arrays … (Etc.) Wet-Nanotechnology:nanofluidsat NIU In collaboration with ANL www.kostic.niu.edu/DRnanofluids www.kostic.niu.edu

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  8. EEE-Global & Physics articles • More Encyclopedia Articles www.kostic.niu.edu

  9. EnergyEverywhere … “From the sovereign Sun to the deluge of photons out of the astounding compaction and increase of power-density in computer chips … www.kostic.niu.edu

  10. Coal is very important … energy and … carbon resource … thus CO2 should be captured, stored and recycled as valuable resource www.kostic.niu.edu

  11. Coal Energy Must Be Efficientto be competitive … from 35% Classical … to 60% Combined Cycle Gas/Steam Turbine Power Plant or even 85% Combined Power-Heat Plant www.kostic.niu.edu

  12. Vehicle Energy Efficiencies … from 15-25 MPG Classical … to 50 MPG Hybrid It is possible !!! www.kostic.niu.edu

  13. About 20% About 0.2 % … also first steam engine www.kostic.niu.edu

  14. Low efficiencyIndirectly Regenerated Heat & CO2 Directly Regenerated Heat & CO2High Efficiency Efficient: do MORE with LESS Improve true (2nd Law) efficiency by conserving energy potentials: REGENERATEbefore “diluting” and loosing it! Power “Waste” Heat & CO2 www.kostic.niu.edu

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  18. about 20%efficiency about 33%efficiency about 50%efficiency about 75%efficiency www.kostic.niu.edu

  19. 46% of 6%=2.8 % www.kostic.niu.edu

  20. World now: 13 TWyr /yr  410 EJ/yr About 90 years: 60-90 coal, 15-30 oil, and 15-40 gas. Distinguish between “Proven” (above) and “Estimated” reserves www.kostic.niu.edu

  21. The energy “difficulties” … • (1) will be more challengingthan what we anticipate now • (2)NO traditional solutions • (3)New knowledge, new technology,and new living habits and expectationswill be needed www.kostic.niu.edu

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  25. The unique role of CO2 for biomass and synthetic fuel production In future there may be CO2 shortage!? www.kostic.niu.edu

  26. The renewable biomass energy and development of synthetic hydro-carbons … • The renewable biomass energy (BM) and development of synthetic hydro-carbons (SynHC)will be very important if not criticalfor substitution of fossil fuels… • … since they are naturalextensions of fossil fuels, the existing energy infrastructure could be easily adapted • global CO2emission will be balanced during renewable biomass production. • BM&SynHC particularly promising for energy storage and use in transportationto replace fossil fuels, www.kostic.niu.edu

  27. Hydrogenversus Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons (2) Instead of going ‘against’ the naturewith hydrogen …HH-HH-C-…H … we should go ‘along’ with naturewith biomass energy and development of synthetic hydro-carbons. www.kostic.niu.edu

  28. Energy Future Outlook:…a probable scenario … in the wake of a short history of fossil fuels’ abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen), the following energy future outlook is possible… • Creative adaptation and innovations, with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuels’ era) • Intelligent hi-tech, local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste, improve efficiency and quality of environment and life) • Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials, particularly in industry (also in transportation, commercial and residential sectors) • Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs • Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale(to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency) • Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy, transportation, and chemicals) • Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels, advanced batteries, hydrogen,…) • Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gap…) www.kostic.niu.edu

  29. Energy Future Outlook:…a probable scenario … in the wake of a short history of fossil fuels’ abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen), the following energy future outlook is possible… • Creative adaptation and innovations, with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuels’ era) • Intelligent hi-tech, local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste, improve efficiency and quality of environment and life) • Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials, particularly in industry (also in transportation, commercial and residential sectors) • Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs • Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale(to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency) • Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy, transportation, and chemicals) • Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels, advanced batteries, hydrogen,…) • Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gap…) www.kostic.niu.edu

  30. Energy Future Outlook:…a probable scenario … in the wake of a short history of fossil fuels’ abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen), the following energy future outlook is possible… • Creative adaptation and innovations, with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuels’ era) • Intelligent hi-tech, local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste, improve efficiency and quality of environment and life) • Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials, particularly in industry(also in transportation, commercial and residential sectors) • Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs • Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale(to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency) • Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy, transportation, and chemicals) • Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels, advanced batteries, hydrogen,…) • Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gap…) www.kostic.niu.edu

  31. Energy Future Outlook:…a probable scenario … in the wake of a short history of fossil fuels’ abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen), the following energy future outlook is possible… • Creative adaptation and innovations, with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuels’ era) • Intelligent hi-tech, local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste, improve efficiency and quality of environment and life) • Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials, particularly in industry (also in transportation, commercial and residential sectors) • Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs • Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale(to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency) • Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy, transportation, and chemicals) • Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels, advanced batteries, hydrogen,…) • Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gap…) www.kostic.niu.edu

  32. Energy Future Outlook:…a probable scenario … in the wake of a short history of fossil fuels’ abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen), the following energy future outlook is possible… • Creative adaptation and innovations, with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuels’ era) • Intelligent hi-tech, local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste, improve efficiency and quality of environment and life) • Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials, particularly in industry (also in transportation, commercial and residential sectors) • Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs • Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale(to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency) • Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy, transportation, and chemicals) • Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels, advanced batteries, hydrogen,…) • Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gap…) www.kostic.niu.edu

  33. Energy Future Outlook:…a probable scenario … in the wake of a short history of fossil fuels’ abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen), the following energy future outlook is possible… • Creative adaptation and innovations, with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuels’ era) • Intelligent hi-tech, local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste, improve efficiency and quality of environment and life) • Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials, particularly in industry (also in transportation, commercial and residential sectors) • Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs • Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale(to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency) • Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy, transportation, and chemicals) • Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels, advanced batteries, hydrogen,…) • Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gap…) www.kostic.niu.edu

  34. Energy Future Outlook:…a probable scenario … in the wake of a short history of fossil fuels’ abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen), the following energy future outlook is possible… • Creative adaptation and innovations, with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuels’ era) • Intelligent hi-tech, local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste, improve efficiency and quality of environment and life) • Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials, particularly in industry (also in transportation, commercial and residential sectors) • Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs • Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale(to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency) • Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy, transportation, and chemicals) • Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels, advanced batteries, hydrogen,…) • Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gap…) www.kostic.niu.edu

  35. Energy Future Outlook:…a probable scenario … in the wake of a short history of fossil fuels’ abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen), the following energy future outlook is possible… • Creative adaptation and innovations, with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuels’ era) • Intelligent hi-tech, local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste, improve efficiency and quality of environment and life) • Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials, particularly in industry (also in transportation, commercial and residential sectors) • Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs • Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale(to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency) • Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy, transportation, and chemicals) • Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels, advanced batteries, hydrogen,…) • Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gap…) www.kostic.niu.edu

  36. Energy Future Outlook:…a probable scenario … in the wake of a short history of fossil fuels’ abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen), the following energy future outlook is possible… • Creative adaptation and innovations, with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuels’ era) • Intelligent hi-tech, local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste, improve efficiency and quality of environment and life) • Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials, particularly in industry (also in transportation, commercial and residential sectors) • Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs • Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale(to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency) • Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy, transportation, and chemicals) • Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels, advanced batteries, hydrogen,…) • Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gap…) www.kostic.niu.edu

  37. www.kostic.niu.edu

  38. More information at: World Prod. 2,200 Watt/p 275 Welec/p www.kostic.niu.edu/energy 2000 kcal/day100 Watt USA Prod. 12,000 Watt/p 1500 Welec/p www.kostic.niu.edu

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