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Climate change: B angladesh perspective

Climate change: B angladesh perspective. Kazi Farhed Iqubal Department of Environmental Science State University of Bangladesh. Climate.

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Climate change: B angladesh perspective

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  1. Climate change: Bangladesh perspective Kazi Farhed Iqubal Department of Environmental Science State University of Bangladesh

  2. Climate Climate in a narrow sense is usually defined as the “average weather”, or more rigorously, as the statistical description in terms of the mean and variability of relevant quantities over a period of time ranging from months to thousands or millions of years. The classical period is 30 years, as defined by the WMO. These quantities are most often surface variables such as temperature, precipitation, and wind. The climate of a location is affected by its latitude, terrain, altitude, persistent ice or snow cover, as well as nearby oceans and their currents. Climate in a wider sense is the state, including a statistical description, of the climate system

  3. Climate Change • Climate change is any long-term significant change in the “average weather” of a region or the earth as a whole. Average weather may include average temperature, precipitation and wind patterns. It involves changes in the variability or average state of the atmosphere over decades to millions of years. These changes can be caused by dynamic processes on Earth, external forces including variations in sunlight intensity, and more recently by human activities. • In recent usage, especially in the context of environmental policy, the term "climate change" usually refers to changes in modern climate

  4. Cause of CC • Increased GHG emission following industrial revolution ( burning fossil fuel, industrialization etc.) • Increased GHG level in the atmosphere • More heat energy from sunlight absorbed by increased GHG in the atmosphere • Overall temperature of the planet increased (global warming) • Changes in the precipitation and wind pattern along with the temperature (over 30 years avg or more) are referred as CC

  5. Climate Change Impact

  6. Major Greenhouse Gas Carbon dioxide (CO2) Methane (CH4) Nitrous Oxide (N2O) CFC12 (CCI2F2) HCFC22(CHCIF2) Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6)

  7. Sources of GHGs • Energy Sector • Energy Industry • Manufacturing Industries • Transport • Residential Sector • Commercial • Agriculture • Agriculture Sector • Crop Agriculture • Livestock and Manure Management- • Landuse Change and Forestry • Conversion of Land • Consumption of Timber and Deforestation

  8. Approaches to solutions and actions • Mitigation • Kyoto Protocol (the first limited action) • Kyoto mechanisms (CDM, JI, Emissions Trading) • Adaptation • Technology transfer • Adequate fund flow ( AF, LDCF, SCCF, MDTF, BCCF, etc.)

  9. Climate Change and Bangladesh

  10. Bangladesh: A south Asian Country

  11. Country context and vulnerability • Deltaic landscape, 80%floodplain • Population density very high (1045/km2) • High level of Poverty (less than $1 a day 29%, less than $2 a day 84%) • Disaster prone, people are exposed to hazards • Natural resources based (predominantly agrarian) economy • Recognized globally as most vulnerable to Climate Change

  12. Climate Change Impacts: makes it worse • More floods ( 1998, 2004, 2007, water logging, flash flood) • Increased moisture stress (droughts, even in the Coastal Zone) • Intensified cyclone, wind, storm surge, turbulent sea, precipitation • Salinity intrusion (100 km in to the country side during dry season) • Greater temperature extremes • Slow-onset impacts (salinization, dryness, ecosystem degradation etc.)

  13. IPCC Projection (AR 4) The annual mean rainfall exhibits increasing trends in Bangladesh. Decadal rain anomalies are above long term averages since 1960s. Serious and recurring floods have taken place during 2002, 2003, and 2004. Cyclones originating from the Bay of Bengal have been noted to decrease since 1970 but the intensity has increased. Water shortages has been attributed to rapid urbanization and industrialization, population growth and inefficient water use, which are aggravated by changing climate and its adverse impacts on demand, supply and water quality. Salt water from the Bay of Bengal is reported to have penetrated 100 km or more inland along tributary channels during the dry season. The precipitation decline and droughts has resulted in the drying up of wetlands and severe degradation of ecosystems.

  14. Drought Hazards 0 SLR 32 cm SLR 88 cm SLR Flood Hazards Cyclone Salinity

  15. Climate Change Challenges Development • Affects… • Agriculture, Industry, Health, Infrastructure and others • Ecosystems, Special areas • (EPZ, Coastal zones, etc.) • Farmers, Fishermen, Natural resource collectors • People living in marginal land • Women, child & disadvantaged groups

  16. Gradual impacts Agriculture Flood, flash flood, droughts, salinity, precipitation pattern Rice and wheat production reduce 8% and 32% respectively by 2050 Fisheries impacted negatively (salinity intrusion, fisheries recruitment etc) Water Flood/flash flood timing Increased precipitation in the catchments bring more water which is beyond drainage capacity, infrastructure insufficient capacity Urban flooding, drainage congestion (drainage infrastructure and channels are insufficient) Salinity intrusion (irrigation, domestic use, drinking water) Trans-boundary water issues

  17. Gradual Impacts Health Increased water and vector borne diseases Increased diseases due to salinity and water logging Sanitation, safe drinking water Coastal zone Intensified cyclone Increased/ storm surges, wave heights, turbulent sea Salinity intrusion, soil salinity, ground water salinity Special areas Ecosystems Areas with high economic importance (Export Process Zone, ports etc) Most vulnerable groups Women, children, elderly Disadvantaged groups (ethnic, fisher, Sundarban dependent etc)

  18. CC impacting livelihoods -an example

  19. Climate Change – Disaster Risks Increased SST potential for more cyclone landfall and storm surges Increased rain during monsoon/post monsoon in upper catchment & or within Bangladesh leads to more floods and disasters Water shortage and higher temperature results into acute and more spread droughts More erosion Infrastructures: threat past gains and needs new design

  20. Response National Government Civil society International UNFCCC, Kyoto protocol, Negotiation, funding mechanism Development partners

  21. Response National Kyoto Protocol, UNFCCC ratified A large number of studies NAPA, National communication International process (Negotiation) Climate Change Cell BCCSAP 2009 BCCF

  22. Civil Society Championed the concern in country/abroad, active earlier Work closely/partnerships with Government entities (NAPA, national communication, etc.) Part of country delegation to COP/MOP Numerous studies, assessments (over 100) Civil society initiatives are on the ground, piloting and demonstration and building community resilience Government learns from these and uptake for scale up and institutionalization

  23. THANKS

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