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Achievement Standard 1.2

Achievement Standard 1.2. Demonstrate knowledge of body structure and function related to performance of physical activity, through… Understanding Basic anatomical features. Body Structure and Function. Body Structure and Function

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Achievement Standard 1.2

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  1. Achievement Standard 1.2 Demonstrate knowledge of body structure and function related to performance of physical activity, through… Understanding Basic anatomical features

  2. Body Structure and Function Body Structure and Function Other factors that influence human movement and action include: Biomechanical factors Improving fitness UNDERSTANDING

  3. UNDERSTANDING The Human skeleton What other functions does the human skeleton have? Imagine a body WITHOUT a skeleton!

  4. UNDERSTANDING The Human skeleton Are there any other functions of the human skeleton? What roles do the skull and rib-cage have?

  5. UNDERSTANDING The Human skeleton Many of the bones of the human skeleton are long and hollow.

  6. UNDERSTANDING The Human skeleton Bone-marrow is a soft, fatty tissue found inside of bones that produces blood cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets). Red blood cells carry oxygen throughout the body. White blood cells act to ward off infection. Platelets aid in blood-clotting.

  7. UNDERSTANDING The Human skeleton The human skeleton serves one other function? The skeleton also stores minerals such as calcium.

  8. Functions of the Skeleton REMEMBERING

  9. Functions of the Skeleton REMEMBERING

  10. APPLY KNOWLEDGE The Human skeleton How does each of the functions relate to performance in physical activity?

  11. Movement… The skeleton provides levers & joints that allow movement to occur The type of bone / joint is related to the degree of movement possible. Long bones. E.g. ….. Short bones. E.g. ….. Irregular bones. E.g. ….. Flat bones. E.g. ….. Types of joints…. APPLY KNOWLEDGE

  12. BLOOD CELL FORMATION sUPPORT PROTECTION UNDERSTANDING STORAGE MOVEMENT The 5 functions of the skeleton are:

  13. Types of Joints Ball & Socket Examples are the hip and shoulder Movement occurs in all directions UNDERSTANDING

  14. Types of Joints Hinge Joint Examples are the elbow and knee (the knee is a modified hinge joint as there is slight rotation) Movement occurs in 2 directions in one plane – forwards & backwards UNDERSTANDING

  15. Types of Joints Pivot Joint Examples are the neck (where the atlas pivots around the axis at the top of the spine) and the radioulner joint below the elbow joint (allows lower arm to rotate) UNDERSTANDING

  16. Types of Movement You need to be able to discuss the type of movement associated with various joints in the human body and relate this to specific sporting examples.

  17. Types of Movement Flexion Bending a joint so the bones on either side of the joint are drawn together Examples include elbow flexion, knee flexion, hip flexion, … UNDERSTANDING

  18. Types of Movement Extension Straightening a joint so the bones on either side of the joint are drawn apart Examples include elbow extension, knee extension, hip extension, … UNDERSTANDING

  19. Types of Movement Abduction Moving the bone away from the mid-line of the body (when someone is abducted they are ‘taken away’). Examples include abduction of the arm as it is drawn out to the side of the body, abduction of the leg. UNDERSTANDING

  20. Types of Movement Adduction Moving the bone towards the mid-line of the body (adduction is adding to the mid-line of the body). Examples include adduction of the arm as it is drawn in to the side of the body, abduction of the leg. UNDERSTANDING

  21. Types of Movement Plantar Flexion Pointing the toes downwards Examples in sport include diving, gymnastics, acceleration in sprinting, jumping in volleyball, … UNDERSTANDING

  22. Types of Movement Dorsi-Flexion Pulling the toes upwards towards the tibia UNDERSTANDING

  23. Types of Movement Pronation Pronation is a rotational movement of the forearm at the radioulnar joint. (Pronation also occurs in the foot.) http://images.google.co.nz/imgres?imgurl=http://adhd-tennis.org/images/pronation.jpg&imgrefurl=http://adhd-tennis.org/serve.aspx&usg=__hEjucuNmw5EZcznFwIwmr7Y0NmI=&h=640&w=467&sz=33&hl=en&start=55&tbnid=fzNKjyr3JyA5aM:&tbnh=137&tbnw=100&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpronation%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D18%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DN%26start%3D54 UNDERSTANDING

  24. Types of Movement Supination Supination: Rotation of the forearm and hand so that the palm is up (and the corresponding movement of the foot and leg with the sole up). UNDERSTANDING

  25. REMEMBERING Muscles of The Human body Label the muscles indicated on the photo above.

  26. UNDERSTANDING Muscles of The Human body For each muscle give 2 examples of actions it is responsible for? E.g. Abdominals are responsible for a sit up and a ‘pike’ in a dive.

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