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Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases. Acid. Group of compounds with some common properties when in solution 1 st – taste sour 2 nd – change the color of certain dyes called indicators 3 rd – most react with active metals to release hydrogen gas. 4 th – acids react with bases to produce neutral salt and water

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Acids and Bases

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  1. Acids and Bases

  2. Acid • Group of compounds with some common properties when in solution • 1st – taste sour • 2nd – change the color of certain dyes called indicators • 3rd – most react with active metals to release hydrogen gas

  3. 4th – acids react with bases to produce neutral salt and water • 5th – acids conduct electric current

  4. Properties of Bases • Bases taste bitter • Feel slippery to the skin • Bases change color of indicators • React with acid to form water and a salt • Are electrolytes • Excellent cleaning agents

  5. Arrhenius Definition • Acid ionize to form H+ (H3O+) • Base ionize to form OH-

  6. Bronsted Acid and Base • Bronsted Acid – proton (H+) donor • Bronsted Base – proton acceptor NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH-

  7. Bronsted definition is broader than Arrhenius – more things can be considered bases • For each reaction identify the acid and base CH3NH2 + H2O  CH3NH3 + OH- HSO4- + H2O  H3O+ + SO42-

  8. Amphoteric • In the last example we saw that water could act as either an acid or a base depending on what it reacted with • Water is amphoteric – can act as either an acid or a base

  9. The strength of an acid (or base) is determined by the amount of IONIZATION.

  10. Strong vs. Weak Acids • Strong acid is one that ionizes completely • HNO3 (aq) ---> H+ (aq) + NO3- (aq)

  11. Weak Acids • Weak acids are much less than 100% ionized in water. • One of the best known is acetic acid = CH3CO2H

  12. Base Strength • Any substance that ionizes completely to form OH- ions are strong bases • These solutions are said to be alkaline • All highly soluble hydroxides are strong bases

  13. Acid/Base Reactions • Whenever an acid and base react, two conjugates are produced • Conjugate base – the species that remains after the acid has given up its proton • Conjugate acid – the species that remains after the base has accepted the proton

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