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ACTIVE LEARNING PROCESS

ACTIVE LEARNING PROCESS. Branch: Computer Engineering. Guided By : Prof . Jugal Phanchal. Prepared By :. Nikhil 13BECEG113 Dhanushskanda - 13ISCE07 Smit 13BECEG105. INTRODUCTION. STEAM GENERATOR OR BOILER

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ACTIVE LEARNING PROCESS

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  1. ACTIVE LEARNING PROCESS Branch: Computer Engineering Guided By : Prof. JugalPhanchal Prepared By : Nikhil 13BECEG113 Dhanushskanda- 13ISCE07 Smit 13BECEG105

  2. INTRODUCTION • STEAM GENERATOR OR BOILER a steam generator or boiler is usually a closed vessel made of steel. Its function is to transfer the heat produced by the combustion of fuel to water and ultimately to generate steam.

  3. The steam generated may be supplied: 1.to an external combustion engine, i.e., steam engine and steam turbines 2.at low pressures for industrial process work in cotton mills, sugar factories etc., and 3.for producing hot water, which can be used for heating installations at much lower pressures

  4. IMPORTANT TERMS: • boiler shell • combustion chamber • grate • furnace • heating surface • mounting • accessories

  5. CLASSIFICATION OF STEAM BOILER • though there are many classifications of steam boilers,get the following are important. 1.ACCORDING TO THE CONTENTS IN THE TUBES: a)fire tube or smoke tube boiler b)water tube boiler.

  6. ACCORDING TO POSITION OF FURNACE: • internally fired boilers • externally fired boilers ACCORDING TO AXIS OF FURNACE: • vertical boilers • horizontal boilers ACCORDING TO NUMBER OF TUBES: • single tube boilers • multi tube boilers

  7. ACCORDING TO METHOD OF CIRCULATION OF WATER: • Natural circulation boilers • Forced circulation boilers According to the use • Stationary boilers • Mobile boilers According to source of heat

  8. WATER TUBE STEAM BOILER: the water is contained inside the tubes(called water tubes)which are surrounded by flames and hot gases from outside. Ex:Babcock and wilcox boiler

  9. FIRE TUBE BOILER In fire tube steam boilers, the flames and Hot gases produced by the combustion of Fuel pass through the tubes(called multi tubes) which are surrounded by water. The heat is conducted through the walls of the tube from the hot gases through the Surrounding water. Ex Cochran boiler, Lancashrine boiler etc..

  10. CHARACTERISTIC • A vertical • multi-tubes • fire-tube • internally fired • natural circulated boiler.

  11. WORKING OF AN COCHRAN BOILER • The water is supplied to the boiler through feed check valve. The coal is introduced to the grate through the fire door. The hot gases produced from furnace enter combustion chamber through flue pipe.This hot gases enters into horizontal fire tubes.Convection heat transfer take place from flue gases passing inside the tubes to water surrounded the tubes.The flue gases coming from of fire tubes enter into smoke box.

  12. WORKING OF AN COCHRAN BOILER Finally they discharge to atmosphere through a chimney. The ash formed is collected in ash pit. The steam is collected through antiprimming pipe on top of the shell.

  13. MOUNTING • Steam pressure guage ,water level indicator,feed check valve,steam stop valve ,blow off cock, dead weight safety value ,manhole .This boiler is also fitted with fusible plug,antipriming pipe and dampers are explain as under • Fusible plug:-it is safety valve and use to stop firing when water level in boiler is lower than safe limit. • Antipriming :-it is use to seprate water particles from steam and to collect the dry saturated steam from boiler through the steam stop valve.

  14. ADVANTAGES-initial cost of boiler is less • Quickly and easily installation • It can moved and set up readily in different location. • Disadvantages –steam rising capacity is less due to vertical design. • Efficiency is poor in smaller sizes.

  15. characteristic • Horizontal • Stationary • Fire tube • Internally fired multi-tube(two fire tube) • Natural circulation of hot gases • Medium pressure boiler

  16. Working of lancashrine boiler The boiler consists of a long cylindrical external shell (1) built of steel plates in sections riveted to together. • It has two large internal flue tubes (2). • A fire grate (3) is also called furnace is provided at one end of the flue tubes on which solid fuel is burnt. • At the end of the fire grate there is a brick arch (5) to deflect the flue gases upwards. • The hot gases leaving internal flue tubes passes through the bottom tube(6).

  17. Working of lancashrine boiler • These flue gases moves to the front of the boiler where they divide and flow into side tube(7). • The flue gases then enter the main flue (9) which leads them to chimney. • The damper (8) is fitted at one side flues to control the draught and thus regulate the rate of generation of steam. • A spring loaded safety value (10) and stop value (11) are mounted.

  18. Working of lancashrine boiler • A high steam and low water safety value (12) is also provided. • A perforated feed pipe (14) controlled by a feed valve is used feeding water uniformly. • An antipriming pipe (15) is provided to seprate out water as far as possible. • A blow –off each (16) removes mud that settles at the bottom of the boiler by forcing out some of the water.

  19. Advantages :-easy operation • Low maintanence cost • Easy to clean and inspect • Disadvantages :-maximum working pressure is limited to 16 bars. • Due to brick work , more area is required

  20. Babcock and wilcox water tube boiler

  21. characteristic • Horizontal • Multi-water tube • Externally fired • Natural circulation of water • Forced circulation for air and hot gases • Solid as well as liqid fuel fired.

  22. Working of babcock and wilcox water tube boiler • The water is fed into the drum through the feed check valve. due to gravity ,water passes through the short rises tubes ,header and fill up the inclined water tubes.then water collects in the drum initially one half of drum is filled up with water the coal is introduced to furnace grate by help of stroker. The coal is fired ,hot gases produced is first forced to move upward through the passage between tubes the baffles plates make flow of hot gases in sine wave,as

  23. Move down and upward over the water tubes.the damper control the flow of air into the furnace. Water in the drum comes down through down take header and enter the tubes. They are heated by hot gases coming from furnace. Due to heating of water, density of water decreases. Low density water move upward in water tubes. The water tubes just above furnace is heated comparatively at a higher temperature than the rest of it. Therefore low density water gradually converted into steam in their path and rises into the drum through the uptake header. Thus a continous circulation of water from drum to water tubes and water tubes to drum is maintained

  24. Due to density difference of water and gravity ,without any pump. • The steam then enters through the antipriming pipe and flows in the superheater tubes where it is further heated and is finally taken out through the main steam stop valve and supplied to the engine when needed . • At the lowest point of the header , mud collecter is provided to remove the mud particles through a blow down cock.

  25. Advantages:-replacement of defective tubes is easy • It is used in thermal power station for generating large quantity of steam etc…

  26. Boiler mounting • PRESSURE GUAGE:-it indicate pressure of steam boiler. • WATER LEVEL INDICATER:-it indicates water level inside the boiler vessel.it shows level of water in the boiler drum. • Steam stop valve:-it regulates the flow of steam from boiler to the steam pipe or from one steam pipe to the other

  27. Feed check valve:-it control the supply of water to the boiler and prevents the back flow of water from the boiler when the feed pump pressure is less than boiler pressure or pump is stopped. • Blow-off cock:-it perform two function (1)to empty the boiler when necessary for cleaning , inspection and repair. (2)and another to discharge a water which contains mud , sediments etc. • Fusible plug:-it is used to protect boiler against damage due to overheating caused by low water level in the boiler.

  28. Safety valve:-safety valve are released the excess steam when the pressure of steam inside boiler increases higher then the safe pressure (maximum pressure).safety valve are used to maintain safe pressure inside the boiler. • The safety valve may be classify as:- • Dead weight safety valve • Lever safety valve • Spring loaded safety valve • High steam and low water safety valve.

  29. Boiler accessories • Feed pump • Injector • Feed water heaters • Economiser • Exhaust steam feed water heater • Superheater • Steam seperartor • steam trap • Air preheater • draught system

  30. NEEDS REQUIRED FOR A GOOD BOILER • The boiler should have maximum steam generation with minimum using of fuel consumption. • It should be very economical and also have a low maintenance cost. • It should be started and stopped quickly. • It should posses better combustion and overall efficiency as well.

  31. Thank you

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