CS548_ ADVANCED INFORMATION SECURITY

1. Paper Presentation #2 Evaluation of Hardware Performance for the SHA-3 Candidates Using SASEBO-GII CS548_ADVANCED INFORMATION SECURITY 20103272 Jong Heon, Park / 20103616 Hyun Woo, Cho

2. Contents • Introduction • Before the paper • Evaluation Platform • Design Strategy • Evaluation Criteria • Conclusion • References

3. Paper Introduction • Evaluation of Hardware Performance for the SHA-3 Candidates Using SASEBO-GII, Jan, 2010 • They propose following issues for a fair evaluation, • Evaluation environment (platform) • Implementation method (design strategy) • Performance comparison method (criteria) Kazuyuki Kobayashi, Jun Ikegami, Shin’ichiro Matsuo, Kazuo Sakiyama, Kazuo Ohta Author

4. Before the paper http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/ST/hash/sha-3/index.html

5. Evaluation Platform • SASEBO (Side-channel Attack Standard Evaluation Board) • The purpose of side-channel attack experiments within a single cryptographic circuit • SASEBO-GII • The purpose of additional experiments for security evaluation for a comprehensive cryptographic system

6. Evaluation Platform Fig 1. SASEBO-GII

7. Evaluation Platform Fig 2. Evaluation Environment Using SASEBO-GII

8. Evaluation Platform • Protocol between two FPGAs • Init : initialize a hash function in the cryptographic FPGA • Load & Fetch :transmitting and receiving the message data and the hash value • Ack : response signal for the load & fetch signals • idata / odata : input / output data (16bit) • EoM : end of message signal

9. Evaluation Platform • Performance depends on communication overheadbetween two FPGAs • We use a practical interface that can support a 16-bit data communication in 3 cycles • It takes 3*(256/16) = 48 cycles for 256-bit data • But, we ignore the overhead to evaluate hash core

10. Design Strategy • Specification of Data Input to Cryptographic FPGA • Message Padding • Input data must be a multiple of the block size • EoM (End of Message) • Some candidates need to know where is end of data • Bit Length of Message • Bit length is included in idata→ candidates which need the information takes more time than the others.

11. Design Strategy • Architectures of Cryptographic FPGA • Fully Autonomous • Stores all of the intermediate values in register • animplementationassuming to be used in a real system

12. Design Strategy • Architectures of Cryptographic FPGA • External Memory • Only the data necessary for executing are stored register, the other data are stored external memory • Low-cost, but it makes overhead cycles • not suitable for high-speed implementation

13. Design Strategy • Architectures of Cryptographic FPGA • Core Functionality • Only the core part of a hash function • Used for estimating performance under ideal interface, where the overhead of the data access is ignored

14. Design Strategy • Performance : Throughput • Input Block Size = the size of input data • Number of Clock Cycles which is necessary to hash the data • Max Clock Frequency = 1/critical path delay • Increasing Max Clock Frequency, Decreasing Number of Clock Cycles Improve Throughput!

15. Design Strategy • Technique to Improve Throughput • Retiming Transformation holds down the critical path delay by averaging a processing time! • After Transformation, critical path consists of two adders. Therefore the maximum clock frequency improves. Before After

16. Design Strategy • Technique to Improve Throughput • Unfolding Transformation decreases the total number of clock cycles. • After Transformation, the DFG performs operations in one cycle. Although maximum clock frequency becomes lower, throughput improves. Before After

17. Design Strategy • How to deal with these optimization techniques : • Applying the Unfolding Transformation

18. Evaluation Criteria • Evaluation Items • Eight SHA-3 hash candidates on the cryptographic FPGA • Check the hardware performance(speed) and cost • Speed performance • Latency, throughput • Cost • Number of slices, registers, LUTs and size of a RAM • High throughput with a low hardware cost

19. Evaluation Criteria • Evaluation Metrics • Hashing process for each data with a input block sizes • Uses the result as the next input data • Clock cycles, Hashing |M|-bit data Number of hash core operation

20. Evaluation Criteria • Evaluation Metrics • : Number of clocks used to input data • : To execute hashing process in the core • : To perform the final calculation process • : To output the hash result

21. Evaluation Criteria • Evaluation Metrics • : Number of clocks used to input data • : To execute hashing process in the core • : To perform the final calculation process • : To output the hash result - Only executed when outputting the result

22. Evaluation Criteria • Evaluation Metrics • Throughput • Latency See this equation. Latency is an important metrics for a short message

23. Evaluation Criteria • Evaluation Metrics • Throughput • When |Mp| is sufficiently large, Short massage for authentication Long massage

24. Evaluation Criteria • Evaluation Metrics

25. Evaluation Criteria • Result for Eight SHA-3 Candidates, Interface overhead

26. Evaluation Criteria • Result for Eight SHA-3 Candidates, Core Function Block

27. Evaluation Criteria • Performance Results of the SHA-3 Candidates

28. Evaluation Criteria • Hardware Costs of the SHA-3 Candidates on Virtex5

29. Evaluation Criteria • Latency of Hash Function including interface

30. Evaluation Criteria • Latency of Core Function Block for Short Massage Likely to be a Bottle Neck Performance of Interface is important part

31. Conclusions • Propose a consistent evaluation criteria • Basic design of an evaluation environment using SASEBO-GII(interface spec, architecture…) • Propose evaluation items(speed, cost…) • Implement eight SHA-3 candidates • Future work. • Rest of the SHA-3 candidates • Evaluation for low power device(RFID tags)

32. References 1. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), “Cryptographic Hash Algorithm Competition,” http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/ST/hash/sha-3/index. html. 2. S. Tillich, M. Feldhofer, M. Kirschbaum, T. Plos, J. -M. Schmidt, and A. Szekely, “High-Speed Hardware Implementations of BLAKE, Blue Midnight Wish, Cube- Hash, ECHO, Fugue, Grøstl, Hamsi, JH, Keccak, Luffa, Shabal, SHAvite-3, SIMD and Skein,” Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2009/510, 2009. 3. A. H. Namin and M. A. Hasan, “Hardware Implementation of the Compression Function for Selected SHA-3 Candidates,” CACR 2009-28 (2009). 4. B. Baldwin, A. Byrne, M. Hamilton, N. Hanley, R. P. McEvoy, W. Pan, and W. P. Marnane, “FPGA Implementations of SHA-3 Candidates:CubeHash, Grøstl, Lane, Shabal and Spectral Hash,” Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2009/342, 2009.

33. References 5. B. Jungk, S. Reith, and J. Apfelbeck, “On Optimized FPGA Implementations of the SHA-3 Candidate Grøstl,” Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2009/206, 2009. 6. “National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Research Center for Information Security (RCIS)􀉿“Side-channel Attack Standard Evaluation Board (SASEBO)”,” http://www.rcis.aist.go.jp/special/SASEBO/ SASEBO-GII-ja.html. 7. Z. Chen, S. Morozov, and P. Schaumont, “A Hardware Interface for Hashing Algorithms,” Cryptology ePrint Archive, Report 2008/529, 2008. 8. ECRYPT II, “SHA-3 Hardware Implementations,” http://ehash.iaik.tugraz. at/wiki/SHA-3 Hardware Implementations. 9. Y. K. Lee, H. Chan, and I. Verbauwhede, “Iteration Bound Analysis and Throughput Optimum Architecture of SHA-256 (384, 512) for Hardware Implementations,” in In Information Security Appliciations, 8th International Workshop, WISA 2007, vol. 4867 of LNCS, pp. 102-114, Springer, 2007.

34. EYP_Z H^D / Thank You Korex527 at gmail.com Betelgs at chol.com