HSA 535 RANK Education for Service--hsa535rank.com

1. HSA 535 Week 1 Discussion 1CDC and BMA FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT www.hsa535rank.com HSA 535 Week 1 Discussion 1 - CDC and BMA" Please respond to the following: From the first two (2) e-Activities, give a synopsis of the various challenges facing health care professionals, and determine whether or not you believe these professionals can formulate predictive plans from both agencies. Be specific, giving supporting rationales for your observations. From the third e-Activity, give a comprehensive critiqued evaluation of your state’s DOH disease-management protocols. Also, from the analysis of the case study, determine if your state’s standpoint on the disease is adequate. Be specific, articulating the actions that can be taken to improve your state’s DOH. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HSA 535 Week 1 Discussion 2CDC, BMA and Your State’s DOH FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT www.hsa535rank.com HSA 535 Week 1 Discussion 2 -

2. "CDC, BMA and Your State’s DOH" Please respond to the following: From the first two (2) e-Activities, functioning as an investigator collaborating with the two (2) agencies to obtain vital statistics on your particular demographic, you are tasked with obtaining the logistics and planning phase of the report. Prioritize the items you would consider when formulating comprehensive letters of inquiry to the agencies. From the third e-Activity, suppose you are the County Department of Health, Director of STDs Tracking and Surveillance System, tasked with drafting a memo to your state’s head of the DOH about ways to optimize your county’s efficiency. Prepare a rudimentary list of possible questions to articulate your concerns. Provide a rationale for the questions you have chosen. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HSA 535 Week 2 Discussion 1Applications of Epidemiology FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT www.hsa535rank.com HSA 535 Week 2 Discussion 1 - "Applications of Epidemiology" Please respond to the following: Using the basics and applications of epidemiology from your weekly readings as a guideline, articulate in your own words the initial steps you would take in applying techniques in a field investigation of a childhood disease.

3. From the first e-Activity, evaluate, from a cost perspective, your state’s stand on the particular childhood disease you researched, and recommend at least five (5) steps to optimize on the present plan. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HSA 535 Week 2 Discussion 2Childhood Obesity and Smoking FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT www.hsa535rank.com HSA 535 Week 2 Discussion 2 - "Childhood Obesity and Smoking" Please respond to the following: From the second e-Activity, evaluate the efficacy of the steps to producing a contingency plan for battling childhood obesity. Be specific. From the case study and third e-Activity, evaluate the effectiveness of laws on smoking in your home state. Determine if your state’s standpoint on smoker-free bars is adequate, in your opinion. Provide support for your rationale. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HSA 535 Week 3 Applications of Epidemiology - A Case Study FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT www.hsa535rank.com HSA 535 Week 3 Applications of Epidemiology - A Case Study -

4. The situation at Good Health Hospital has become a bit overwhelming ever since the outbreak of E. coli in Ward 10 on the second floor. It appears that there are six (6) cases of the disease. To better understand the situation, communication with the CDC has revealed that this particular bacterium can be found in many everyday items. The CDC recommends that investigation begins in the hospital kitchens, since E. coli can be transmitted via contaminated vegetables, as well as delicatessen meats such as salami and other cold cuts. The following table shows the number of cases identified so far: Case Age Gender 1 23 M 2 21 F 3 15 M 4 42 F After meeting yesterday with chief administrator Joe Wellborn, it has been decided that the litigation issues with one (1) of the patients may need further information to determine if the patient was already symptomatic with the bacteria prior to admission.

5. Research has indicated that hospitals operating in the Tampa Bay area have been known to have cases of E. coli contamination. This substantiates the need for further investigations by the County Health Department. Due to the severity of the cases, and the potential for further spread, it is recommended that the hospital seek alternate vending services since the present suppliers cannot verify sanitation protocols for their products. In conclusion, the study done at Good Health Hospital has indicated that the E. coli outbreak was in fact caused by spoil food from the cafeteria. As a social science researcher working for a regional hospital, you are placed in charge of contacting the DOH from your home state, as well as the CDC for statistical data on nosocomial diseases that frequently cause illness at your health care facility. Using information from both agencies, evaluate the data on common nosocomial diseases and compile a treatment contingency plan for dealing with the hospital infections. Write a five to six (5-6) page evaluation report in which you: Analyze Good Health Hospital’s records and itemize recent nosocomial infections that occurred within the past year. In your report, categorize

6. the different parameters (i.e., person, time, place, ethnicity, and gender) used in the compilation of data into the information summative. Propose at least six (6) questions for the health care administrator at Good Health Hospital, regarding potential litigation issues with infections from the nosocomial diseases. Rationalize, in your report, the logic behind your six (6) questions. Identify a targeted audience within Good Health Hospital, and prepare an implementation plan based on your hypothetical meeting with the hospital health care administrator. Propose four (4) steps that will be useful in the final implementation plan. Suggest at least five (5) recommendations to your department head based on the steps taken in the implementation plan. Provide rationale for your suggestions. Using these approved recommendations, design a safety protocol itinerary that must be placed in public access areas of the hospital. Use at least four (4) peer-reviewed academic resources in this assignment. These must come from journal sources. Note: Fact Sheets, Wikipedia, and non-academic Websites do not qualify as academic resources. Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements: Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.

7. Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length. The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are: Examine epidemiology as it relates to population, environment, transmission, and prevention. Examine the application of epidemiology to specific diseases. Use technology and information resources to research issues in managerial epidemiology. Write clearly and concisely about managerial epidemiology using proper writing mechanics. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HSA 535 Week 3 Discussion 1Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)" FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT www.hsa535rank.com HSA 535 Week 3 Discussion 1 - "Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)" Please respond to the following: From the first e-Activity, evaluate the concepts of incidence and prevalence in relation to SIDS in children.

8. From the second e-Activity, analyze and report on the morbidity and mortality rates of SIDS in your home state. Based on your analysis, give your thoughts on your findings. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HSA 535 Week 3 Discussion 2Morbidity, Mortality, and Associated Costs FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT www.hsa535rank.com HSA 535 Week 3 Discussion 2 - "Morbidity, Mortality, and Associated Costs" Please respond to the following: From the third e-Activity, suggest at least three (3) financial management techniques that may be used to deal with the cost of addressing women’s health. Based on the financial analysis techniques, suggest a cost-effective plan that might use this information to track women’s morbidity and mortality trends in your home state. From the first e-Activity, evaluate the concepts of incidence and prevalence in relation to SIDS in children.

9. From the second e-Activity, analyze and report on the morbidity and mortality rates of SIDS in your home state. Based on your analysis, give your thoughts on your findings. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HSA 535 Week 4 Discussion 1Tuberculosis in the Work Environment FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT www.hsa535rank.com HSA 535 Week 4 Discussion 1 - "Tuberculosis in the Work Environment" Please respond to the following: Imagine there has been a tuberculosis (TB) outbreak in your office building. Design a plan to address the prevention of TB in your particular work environment. Be specific. Using the epidemiological foundation concepts of person, time and place, evaluate how you would investigate and report on the occurrence of TB in your workplace. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HSA 535 Week 4 Discussion 2Mad Cow Disease in the U.S FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT www.hsa535rank.com

10. HSA 535 Week 4 Discussion 2 - "Mad Cow Disease in the U.S." Please respond to the following: From the case study, evaluate the economic cost to the U.S. due to investigating Mad Cow Disease, and determine whether or not diligent monitoring can safeguard against damaging the U.S. meat supplies. Provide at least two (2) examples to support your rationale. From the e-Activity, evaluate the cost of treating infectious diseases in the U.S. compared to the U.K., in terms of person, time, and place. Discuss the specifics of your findings, determining whether or not the economic cost is justified. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HSA 535 Week 5 Discussion 1Dengue Fever and Outbreak Investigations FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT www.hsa535rank.com HSA 535 Week 5 Discussion 1 - "Dengue Fever and Outbreak Investigations" Please respond to the following: Suppose you have been tasked with accessing the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for information on an outbreak of

11. Dengue Fever in your recently flooded state. Propose key steps in compiling a report to your local County Health Department. Be specific. Report on the key problems facing a researcher seeking data from the CDC and other sources in an outbreak investigation. Propose at least three (3) methods for overcoming these problems. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HSA 535 Week 5 Discussion 2E. coli Investigation FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT www.hsa535rank.com HSA 535 Week 5 Discussion 2 - "E. coli Investigation" Please respond to the following: From the e-Activity, describe the recent outbreak of E. coli you researched and, through analysis, decide which state had the highest number of cases of E. coli. Propose an explanation of why this particular state had the highest number cases of E. coli. From the e-Activity, evaluate the efficiency of the process in your own state, town, or community for safeguarding against E. coli. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HSA 535 Week 5 Mid Term Part 1 FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT www.hsa535rank.com

12. HSA 535 Week 5 Mid Term Part 1 – 1. Reproductive health studies ____. 2. HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, is currently a ____. 3. Physical, biological, social, cultural, and behaviors that influence health are known as ____. 4. A disease or condition that affects a greater than expected (normal) number of individuals within a population, community, or region at the same time is referred to as an ____. 5. The biological cause of a problem or disease is known as ____. 6. One of the important concepts from the Nuremberg Code is that of ____, which means that the subject understands the scope of the study and can make an informed decision to participate. 7. Social epidemiology studies ____. 8. Identifying diseases prior to the clinical stage means that prevention efforts can begin immediately. Because the disease is already present, this is an example of ____ prevention. 9. While Austin Bradford Hill is well-known for his work in developing guidelines for establishing causality for studies of non-infectious diseases, his other contributions to the field of epidemiology and ____ are remarkable. 10. Determining the cause of a disease is referred to as ____.

13. 11. The modern epidemiologic triangle includes groups of populations, causative factors, and ____. 12. For chronic diseases, the time between exposure and symptoms is called the ____ period, which can range from a few months to many years. 13. James Lind (1716-1794) observed the effect of time, place, weather, and diet on the spread of disease by ____. 14. Risk factors or exposures that we think might affect the outcome are known as ____. 15. Consider a food borne illness that is being investigated from a restaurant during a one week period. Anyone who ate at that restaurant, and had vomiting and diarrhea during that week, could be considered a(n) ____ even if they had not gone to see their doctor. 16. A person in the population or study group identified as having the particular disease, health disorder, or condition under investigation is known as a ____. 17. The number of new cases of disease in a specified time (usually one year) divided by the population “at-risk” to develop the disease is known as ____. 18. By definition, the disease or condition used to identify a case is determined by the ____. 19. A table in epidemiology that arranges numbers to allow the comparison of exposure and outcome is called a ____ table. 20. While many people are used to hearing proportions represented as a percentage, many population samples in epidemiology are often presented per ____.

14. 21. The representation of a numerator as a fraction of a denominator is known as a(n) ____. 22. ____ is the transmission of a disease from person to person, and may be directly from one person to another, or indirectly from one person through an intermediate item to another person. 23. If a bacterium carries several resistance genes, it is called a ____. 24. If a bacterium carries several resistance genes, it is called a ____. 25. There is ____ in the overall crude death rate in the United States from the year 1900 until 1996. 26. The probability of death due to infectious disease in sub-Saharan Africa is ____%, but only ____% in developed countries, such as the United States. 27. One of the most important emerging problems with the control of infectious diseases has to do with ____. 28. Infectious diseases are responsible for ____% of worldwide deaths in children under 15 years old and ____% of deaths in people aged 15- 59 years old. 29. A(n) ____ is an infected individual capable of transmitting disease during and after clinical disease. 30. ____ is the transmission of a disease from mother to child during pregnancy or delivery. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HSA 535 Week 5 Mid Term Part 2 FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT

15. www.hsa535rank.com 1. Which of the following activities characterizes an epidemiologic approach (as opposed to a clinical approach)? 2. Which of the following activities characterizes a clinical approach (as opposed to an epidemiologic approach)? 3. In the Yearly Mortality Bill for 1632, consumption referred to: 4. Which of the following is not usually an aim of epidemiology? 5. The Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) is responsible for (give the best answer): 6. John Snow, author of Snow on Cholera: 7. Cyclic variations in the occurrence of pneumonia and influenza mortality may reflect 8. In 1900, the death rate per 100,000 members of the population for influenza and pneumonia (I & P) was 202.2; it was 22.4 in 2003. How much did the death rate due to I& P decline? 9. Indicate the level of prevention that is represented by pasteurization of milk 10. The difference between primary and secondary prevention of disease is: 11. Increases in lung cancer mortality, especially among women, illustrate which of the following trends in disease occurrence? 12. Indicate the level of prevention that is represented by half-way houses for persons recovering from addiction

16. 13. Indicate the level of prevention that is represented by nutritional counseling for pregnant women 14. According to the natural history of disease model, the time before the precursors of disease and the host interact is called the period of: 15. Beach City has a rising population of 500,000 robust, fertile males and 450,000 robust, fertile females. If there were 4,000 live births, 3 fetal deaths, and 40 maternal deaths, what is the crude birth rate? 16. The incidence of a disease is five times greater in men than in women, but the prevalence shows no sex difference. The most likely explanation is that: 17. An epidemiologic survey of roller-skating injuries in Metroville, a city with a population of 100,000 (during the midpoint of the year), produced the following data for a particular year: Number of skaters in Metroville during any given month 12,000 Roller-skating injuries in Metroville 600 Total number of residents injured from roller-skating 1,800 Total number of deaths from roller-skating 90 Total number of deaths from all causes 900 18. The risk of acquiring a given disease during a time period is best determined by: 19. Estimating the frequency of exposure. Is this a use for incidence or prevalence data?

17. 20. An epidemiologic survey of roller-skating injuries in Metroville, a city with a population of 100,000 (during the midpoint of the year), produced the following data for a particular year: Number of skaters in Metroville during any given month 12,000 Roller-skating injuries in Metroville 600 Total number of residents injured from roller-skating 1,800 Total number of deaths from roller-skating 90 Total number of deaths from all causes 900 21. To express the burden or extent of some condition or attribute in a population. Is this a use for incidence or prevalence data? 22. To provide a direct estimate of the risk of developing a disease. Is this a use for incidence or prevalence data? 23. Lung cancer mortality among women is increasing faster than among men. What factor(s) would most likely account for this increased cancer rate? 24. A null hypothesis is most similar to which of the following? 25. Age-specific and age-adjusted mortality rates by sex in the United States generally show the following sex differences: 26. Which of the following statements most accurately expresses the breeder hypothesis for schizophrenia? 27. The use of GIS may be thought of as following the heritage of:

18. 28. Which of Mill’s four canons suggests that there is an association between frequency of disease and the potency of a causative factor? 29. Studies of nativity and migration have reported that: 30. Which of the following statements most accurately expresses the downward-drift hypothesis for schizophrenia? ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HSA 535 Week 6 Discussion 1Vaccinations as a Prophylactic Measure FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT www.hsa535rank.com HSA 535 Week 6 Discussion 1 - "Vaccinations as a Prophylactic Measure" Please respond to the following: From the e-Activity, analyze three (3) different types of children’s vaccination in terms of the economic cost to the U.S. Based on your analysis, recommend at least three (3) measures to better disseminate vaccinations to the public. Analyze the effectiveness of seasonal flu vaccinations and the cost- saving benefits to the U.S. working environment in your home state. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HSA 535 Week 6 Discussion 2Study Designs in Epidemiology

19. FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT www.hsa535rank.com HSA 535 Week 6 Discussion 2 - "Study Designs in Epidemiology" Please respond to the following: After reviewing this week’s reading material, analyze the various study designs, and recommend the optimum design for studying an outbreak of seasonal flu in your home state. Provide support for your rationale. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HSA 535 Week 7 Cohort Follow-up Studies Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT www.hsa535rank.com HSA 535 Week 7 Cohort Follow-up Studies Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) - Use the Internet and Strayer databases, and recall your readings in Chapter 11 of Introduction to Epidemiology and Chapter 7 of Epidemiology for Public Health Practice to complete this assignment. Write a 1400 words paper in which you:

20. Through cohort study designs and other evidence-based management studies, identify the major causes of CVD, and analyze the key steps, including current medications, used to address the disease. Develop at least five (5) leading questions that may be posed to your local health department in regard to mitigating the proliferation of the disease. Provide a sound rationale for raising these questions. Based on the five (5) questions you developed in Question two (2), provide a rudimentary protocol to disseminate this information to your local community leaders. Recommend six (6) steps that may be given to your current or previous place of employment to prevent the proliferation of CVD. Provide support for your recommendations. Use at least six (6) peer-reviewed academic resources in this assignment. These must come from journal sources. Note: Fact Sheets, Wikipedia, and non-academic Websites do not qualify as academic resources. Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements: Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions. Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.

21. The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are: Analyze evidence-based management, case-control studies, cohorts and randomized clinical trials utilized in clinical epidemiology, and decision making. Examine the application of epidemiology to specific diseases. Use technology and information resources to research issues in managerial epidemiology. Write clearly and concisely about managerial epidemiology using proper writing m ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HSA 535 Week 7 Discussion 1Utilizing Cohort Study Designs to Track CVD FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT www.hsa535rank.com HSA 535 Week 7 Discussion 1 - "Utilizing Cohort Study Designs to Track CVD" Please respond to the following: From the first e-Activity, evaluate the efficacy of the steps in preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD) in your home state, and recommend at least five (5) steps to prevent CVD in your home state.

22. From the first e-Activity, analyze the information on CVD to determine some important steps to take when utilizing cohort study design to follow how diseases develop over time. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HSA 535 Week 7 Discussion 2Tracking Vaccine Preventable Diseases FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT www.hsa535rank.com HSA 535 Week 7 Discussion 2 - "Tracking Vaccine Preventable Diseases" Please respond to the following: From the second e-Activity, analyze your home state’s position on vaccine-preventable diseases. Based on your analysis, give your opinion on whether or not you agree with your home state’s position. Explain your rationale. From the case study and third e-Activity, suggest at least three (3) viable ways to utilize cohort study data to track and report on HPV. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HSA 535 Week 8 Discussion 1 FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT www.hsa535rank.com HSA 535 Week 8 Discussion 1 -

23. Cancer as a Growing Health Threat" Please respond to the following: After reviewing this week’s material on cancer, suggest at least two (2) ways to address and communicate this threat to the public. Recommend five (5) steps to cancer prevention. Provide rationale for your response. Analyze the different types of cancer, and suggest at least three (3) cost- saving strategies to deal with long-term cancer care. Evaluate the pragmatic value of early cancer detection. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HSA 535 Week 8 Discussion 2Disease Screening Methodology FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT www.hsa535rank.com HSA 535 Week 8 Discussion 2 - "Disease Screening Methodology" Please respond to the following: From the case study and e-Activity, analyze and evaluate the various measures of screening tests validation, and comment on the efficacy of screening programs in your community. From the case study and applying the concepts of sensitivity and specificity to prostate cancer screening, evaluate the cost effectiveness of having screenings for men over 50 years of age. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

24. HSA 535 Week 9 Discussion 1Onset of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D)" FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT www.hsa535rank.com HSA 535 Week 9 Discussion 1 - "Onset of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D)" Please respond to the following: From the e-Activity, evaluate the effectiveness of your state’s plan on addressing T2D. Suggest at least two (2) recommendations to improve your state’s current plan. Provide a rationale for your recommendations. From the e-Activity, analyze and evaluate the cost effectiveness of treating T2D in your state. Prepare a five (5) step plan to address the treatment of T2D in your community. Be specific in your outline. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HSA 535 Week 9 Discussion 2 Environmental Epidemiology FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT www.hsa535rank.com HSA 535 Week 9 Discussion 2 - "

25. "Environmental Epidemiology" Please respond to the following: From this week’s readings, recommend at least five (5) steps to address toxicological contaminants in the workplace environment. Analyze the influence of social forces in contributing toward environmental hazards. Suggest at least two (2) ways to limit this influence. HSA 535 Week 10 Discussion 1Epidemiology in a Global Setting FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT www.hsa535rank.com HSA 535 Week 10 Discussion 1 - " "Epidemiology in a Global Setting" Please respond to the following: After reviewing this week’s readings, analyze the practice of epidemiology in the U.S. as compared to Third World countries in general. Suggest at least two (2) steps to improve the practice of epidemiology in Third World countries. Provide rationale for your suggestions. Evaluate the cost effectiveness of using epidemiologic principles as a prophylactic measure, as opposed to a lack of health oversight in disadvantaged communities.

26. HSA 535 Week 10 Discussion 2 Epidemiology as a Social Science FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT www.hsa535rank.com HSA 535 Week 10 Discussion 2 - "Epidemiology as a Social Science" Please respond to the following: Analyze the concepts of psychosocial, behavioral, and social epidemiology, and integrate these concepts into a positive predictor formula for a healthy community. Recommend at least two (2) steps in a promulgated plan to disseminate this information to your community. Based on your analysis from the previous discussion, suggest which of the two (2) concepts from psychosocial, behavioral, and social epidemiology has the most impact on the future of health care in the U.S. Provide support for your suggestion. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HSA 535 Week 10 Social, Behavioral, and Psychosocial Causes of Diseases - Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT http://www.hsa535rank.com

27. HSA 535 Week 10 Social, Behavioral, and Psychosocial Causes of Diseases - Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) - Use the Internet and Strayer databases, and recall your readings in Chapter 15 of Introduction to Epidemiology and Chapter 15 of Epidemiology for Public Health Practice to complete this assignment. Write a 1500 words paper in which you: Analyze the development of T2D in the U.S., and compare its development to developing countries in general. Using T2D statistics, compare the rates in the U.S. to the rates in your home state. In addressing community concerns, analyze the cost of treating T2D in your community. Suggest five (5) prudent steps to address the psychosocial proliferation of the disease. Provide support for your suggestion. Propose at least six (6) steps to address T2D in your current or previous workplace environment, and recommend the one (1) you believe to be the most important. Provide support for your recommendation. Use at least six (6) peer-reviewed academic resources in this assignment. These must come from journal sources. Note: Fact Sheets, Wikipedia, and non-academic Websites do not qualify as academic resources. Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

28. Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions. Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length. The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are: Examine epidemiology, financial management, and cost-effectiveness analysis. Use technology and information resources to research issues in managerial epidemiology. Write clearly and concisely about managerial epidemiology using proper writing mechanics. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HSA 535 Week 11 Discussion 1Looking Back FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT www.hsa535rank.com HSA 535 Week 11 Discussion 1 - "Looking Back" Please respond to the following:

29. Discuss the single most important or surprising lesson learned in this course. Explain what made it so important or surprising. Write a speech that you would give to a friend in an elevator summing up the contents of this course. You have 30 to 90 seconds to inform your friend of the most important elements. Go! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HSA 535 Week 11 Discussion 2Leveraging What You’ve Learned FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT www.hsa535rank.com HSA 535 Week 11 Discussion 2 - "Leveraging What You’ve Learned" Please respond to the following: Identify at least three (3) key concepts that you have learned in this course, and explain how those concepts will help you in your current or future positions. Suggest how the lessons learned in the course could be applied by someone not going into the health care field. Provide specific examples to support your response. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HSA 535 Week 11 Final Exam Part 1 FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT

30. www.hsa535rank.com HSA 535 Week 11 Final Exam Part 1 - 1. Social epidemiology studies ____. 2. HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, is currently a ____. 3. A disease or condition that affects a greater than expected (normal) number of individuals within a population, community, or region at the same time is referred to as an ____. 4. Identifying diseases prior to the clinical stage means that prevention efforts can begin immediately. Because the disease is already present, this is an example of ____ prevention. 5. The time between infection and clinical disease is referred to as a(n) ____. 6. James Lind (1716-1794) observed the effect of time, place, weather, and diet on the spread of disease by ____. 7. The number of new cases of disease in a specified time (usually one year) divided by the population “at-risk” to develop the disease is known as ____. 8. A proportion measured over a period of time is known as a ____. 9. A person in the population or study group identified as having the particular disease, health disorder, or condition under investigation is known as a ____. 10. Infectious diseases are responsible for ____% of worldwide deaths in children under 15 years old and ____% of deaths in people aged 15- 59 years old.

31. 11. The probability of death due to infectious disease in sub-Saharan Africa is ____%, but only ____% in developed countries, such as the United States. 12. How many new cases of HIV infection were reported in the United States for the year 2009? 13. During 2008, the most recent year for which data are finalized, ____ food-borne disease outbreaks were reported. 14. Outbreaks are generally classified as one of two types: ____. 15. Once the population at risk has been identified, it’s finally time to develop a(n) ____ about the suspected cause of the outbreak and then test it. 16. The MMR vaccine is a live, attenuated vaccine that combines antigens for what infectious diseases? 17. Anthrax is caused by ____. 18. Which sub-group is considered at the highest risk for anthrax infection? 19. In 1970, cardiovascular research indicated that high blood pressure (hypertension) increased the risk of ____. 20. The brain consists of two major hemispheres, the right and the left, which are joined by tissue called the corpus callosum. The right hemisphere controls movements of which part of the body? 21. In 1948, the National Heart Institute and Boston University began an ambitious project to follow over time a large number of persons who had not yet developed cardiovascular disease to study the characteristics of the disease and determine the risk factors. This project is commonly known today as the ____.

32. 22. Cancer in the ____ is the second most common cancer when considering men and women combined. 23. What is the overall case fatality rate of lung cancer in the United States (men and women combined)? 24. In what year did the National Cancer Institute and the National Human Genome Research Institute establish The Cancer Genome Atlas? 25. Metabolic syndrome is also known as ____. 26. What is the main prevention measure currently available for Type 1 diabetes? 27. Diabetes mellitus was the ____ leading cause of death in the United States in 2007. 28. Cholera is an acute intestinal infection caused by ____ transmitted through contaminated water or food. 29. Although access to up-to-date computer systems is essential, what is the major barrier to setting up and maintaining health data in developing countries? 30. What is the average life expectancy in the United States (as of 2008)? ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HSA 535 Week 11 Final Exam Part 2 FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT www.hsa535rank.com HSA 535 Week 11 Final Exam Part 2 -

33. 1. Which of the following is not usually an aim of epidemiology? 2. Which of the following activities characterizes a clinical approach (as opposed to an epidemiologic approach)? 3. John Snow, author of Snow on Cholera: 4. Indicate the level of prevention that is represented by immunization against rubella 5. The difference between primary and secondary prevention of disease is: 6. Using epidemiology for operational research involves: 7. An epidemiologic survey of roller-skating injuries in Metroville, a city with a population of 100,000 (during the midpoint of the year), produced the following data for a particular year: Number of skaters in Metroville during any given month 12,000 Roller-skating injuries in Metroville 600 Total number of residents injured from roller-skating 1,800 Total number of deaths from roller-skating 90 Total number of deaths from all causes 900 8. The cause-specific mortality rate from roller-skating was: 9. Blood pressure measurements on adult males 30-39 years of age were obtained in a survey of a representative sample of Twin Cities

34. households. To compare the frequency of hypertension in the white and non-white population surveyed, the most appropriate measure is the: 10. An epidemiologic survey of roller-skating injuries in Metroville, a city with a population of 100,000 (during the midpoint of the year), produced the following data for a particular year: 11. Which of Mill’s four canons suggests that there is an association between frequency of disease and the potency of a causative factor? 12. Descriptive epidemiology has the following characteristics (Choose the incorrect option): 13. The use of GIS may be thought of as following the heritage of: 14. Which of the following is not one of the four criteria for the utility of epidemiologic data? 15. Which of the following data sources is most likely to provide a representative sample of the general health status of a population? 16. A large medical center’s oncology program reported an increased number of cases of pancreatic cancer during a certain month. The hospital’s epidemiologist decided to research the problem. Tumor registry records were searched to identify all cases of pancreatic cancer during a five-year period; cancer patients were matched with patients treated for other diseases during the same five-year period. All subjects in the study were questioned about lifestyle factors including alcohol, tea, and coffee consumption. The resulting data are as follows: 17. A large medical center’s oncology program reported an increased number of cases of pancreatic cancer during a certain month. The hospital’s epidemiologist decided to research the problem. Tumor

35. registry records were searched to identify all cases of pancreatic cancer during a five-year period; cancer patients were matched with patients treated for other diseases during the same five-year period. All subjects in the study were questioned about lifestyle factors including alcohol, tea, and coffee consumption. The resulting data are as follows: 18. Examples of descriptive epidemiologic studies do not usually include: 19. As an epidemiologist you are going to investigate the effect of a drug suspected of causing malformations in newborn infants when the drug in question is taken by pregnant women during the course of their pregnancies. As your sample you will use the next 200 single births occurring in a given hospital. For each birth a medication history will be taken from the new mother and from her doctor; in addition, you will review medical records to verify use of the drug. [N.B.: These mothers are considered to have been followed prospectively during the entire course of their pregnancies, because a complete and accurate record of drug use was maintained during pregnancy. 20. As an epidemiologist you are going to investigate the effect of a drug suspected of causing malformations in newborn infants when the drug in question is taken by pregnant women during the course of their pregnancies. As your sample you will use the next 200 single births occurring in a given hospital. For each birth a medication history will be taken from the new mother and from her doctor; in addition, you will review medical records to verify use of the drug. [N.B.: These mothers are considered to have been followed prospectively during the entire course of their pregnancies, because a complete and accurate record of drug use was maintained during pregnancy 21. An ambispective cohort study is also known as a:

36. 22. A new screening test for Lyme disease is developed for use in the general population. The sensitivity and specificity of the new test are 60% and 70%, respectively. Three hundred people are screened at a clinic during the first year the new test is implemented. Assume the true prevalence of Lyme disease among clinic attendees is 10%. 23. Sensitivity and specificity of a screening test refer to its: 24. Drs. Poke and Jab (2014) conducted an employee health program that used 5 screening tests at the same time to detect diseases among workers. Which type of program is this? 25. A person with an inapparent infection: 26. Host factors in the causation of disease include: 27. An outbreak of salmonellosis occurred after an epidemiology department luncheon, which was attended by 485 faculty and staff. Assume everyone ate the same food items. Sixty-five people had fever and diarrhea, five of these people were severely affected. Subsequent laboratory tests on everyone who attended the luncheon revealed an additional 72 cases. The ratio of severe cases to other clinically apparent cases was: 28. A situation in which the combined effect of several exposures is greater than the sum of the individual effects: 29. It has been suggested that occupational exposure to benzene in the petroleum industry increases the risk of developing leukemia. The levels of benzene to which workers in this industry have been exposed were high from 1940 to 1970, but since 1970 have been significantly reduced. What kind of study design, using petroleum workers, would provide the

37. most useful information on whether benzene affects incidence rates of leukemia in this industry? You may assume that records of individual worker assignments to jobs involving benzene exposure have been maintained by the industry. 30. Personal behavior and lifestyle factors in health do not include: Selye’s concept of the general adaptation syndrome did not include: -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------