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The GQM – can you see the pattern?. Andy Griffiths Dr. Becky Milne University of Portsmouth United Kingdom. The use of questions. Accurate information ‘lifeblood of investigation’ (Stewart, 1985) Negative effect of inappropriate questions established (Loftus &Palmer, 1974)
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The GQM – can you see the pattern? Andy Griffiths Dr. Becky Milne University of Portsmouth United Kingdom
The use of questions • Accurate information ‘lifeblood of investigation’ (Stewart, 1985) • Negative effect of inappropriate questions established (Loftus &Palmer, 1974) • Previous research has ‘scored’ types of questions only • Appropriate question strategy is vital
Open Probing Appropriate yes/no Inappropriate yes/no Leading Multiple Forced choice Opinion /statement Types of question
GQM Time
GQM Time Eachlineallocatedto question type e.g. ‘open’
GQM Time Top 3 lines are appropriate questions Bottom 5 lines are inappropriate questions
GQM Time As each question is asked it is plotted onto the correct line building the ‘question map’
GQM – ASSAULT (SUSPECT) Time 121 questions = 45 minute interview, majority ‘probing’ (3>1)
GQM – ASSAULT (SUSPECT) Time Sequence - open, probe (3), app closed, probe, open, probe(3) etc
GQM – ASSAULT (SUSPECT) Time Majority productive but 27 ‘inappropriate closed’= training need
GQM – MURDER 1 (SUSPECT) 8 17 23 2 6 12 15 21
GQM – MURDER 1 (SUSPECT) 8 17 23 2 6 12 15 21 Question ratio 2>1 (probing /open)
GQM – MURDER 1 (SUSPECT) 8 17 23 2 6 12 15 21 No inappropriate questions
GQM – MURDER 1 (SUSPECT) 8 17 23 2 6 12 15 21 Sequence - open, probing, app closed, probing(3), open, probing(3), open etc
GQM – MURDER 2 21 24 27 29 30 34 36 39 41 Topic – open, probe, app closed, probe, app closed, probe(6), app closed, probe(3) etc
GQM – MURDER 2 21 24 27 29 30 34 36 39 41 Topic question ratio 13>1 (probing/open)
GQM – CHILD ABUSE SUSPECT Question ratio - 3>1 probing/open but 3>1 leading/open and 71/121 inappropriate
GQM – CHILD ABUSE SUSPECT Random pattern
GQM – CHILD ABUSE SUSPECT Accuses suspect
GQM – CHILD ABUSE SUSPECT ‘I’ve interviewed this girl and she’s telling the truth’
GQM – CHILD ABUSE SUSPECT 5/11 open questions after accusing the suspect
Conclusions • Scoring of question type frequency is a very basic method of evaluation
Conclusions • Scoring of question type frequency is a very basic method of evaluation • Context of questions is more informative than an isolated definition of one question
Conclusions • Scoring of question type frequency is a very basic method of evaluation • Context of questions is more informative than an isolated definition of one question • Context of questions is more relevant than the number of any one question type
Conclusions • Scoring of question type frequency is a very basic method of evaluation • Context of questions is more informative than an isolated definition of one question • Context of questions is more relevant than the number of any one question type • The GQM identifies patterns of questions associated with both productive and unproductive interviews
The GQM – can you see the pattern? Contact details - andrew.griffiths@sussex.pnn.police.uk becky.milne@port.ac.uk