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Chapter 1: Structure and Movement

Chapter 1: Structure and Movement. 1.1 The Skeletal System. Living Bones A. Functions of Your Skeletal System 1. Skeletal system : all the bones of your body. 2. Gives you shape and support 3. Protect your inner organs (Ex. the brain) 4. Major muscles attached

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Chapter 1: Structure and Movement

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  1. Chapter 1: Structure and Movement

  2. 1.1 The Skeletal System Living Bones A. Functions of Your Skeletal System 1. Skeletal system: all the bones of your body. 2. Gives you shape and support 3. Protect your inner organs (Ex. the brain) 4. Major muscles attached 5. Bone marrow forms blood cells 6. Store calcium and phosphorous II. Bone structure A. Can change slightly (Ex. Running, tennis)

  3. B. Bones are not smooth C. Muscles and ligaments attach here D. Periosteum: tough outer layer a. Small blood vessels nourish bones b. Cells involved in growth and repair E. Compact Bone 1. Hard, strong layer under periosteum 2. Gives bones strength 3. Has calcium and phosphate – makes bones hard 4. Hard, but not TOO brittle F. Spongy Bone 1. Located on the ends of long bones (Ex. Femur)

  4. 2. Many small, open spaces 3. Cavities: hollow parts of long bones 1. Filled with marrow 2. Produces 2-3 million RBC’s per second! G. Cartilage 1. Smooth, slippery, thick tissue. 2. Covers the ends of bones 3. No blood vessels or minerals 4. Absorbs shock 5. Reduces friction between joints

  5. III. Bone Formation A. Oste- “bone” B. At birth, 300 bones C. Adult: 206 bones D. Bones a source of calcium for your WHOLE body IV. Joints A. Joint: any place where 2+ bones come together B. Cartilage prevents bones from rubbing C. Ligaments: connect bone to bone D. Tendons: connect muscle to bone E. Types of Joints 1. Immovable Joints

  6. a. Are classified as “joints” but do not move b. Examples: pelvis, sutures on skull 2. Movable Joints a. Pivot i. Bone rotates around stationary bone. ii. Knuckles, turning your head b. Ball and socket i. Round “ball” fits inside cupped “socket” ii. Femur @ pelvis, humerous @ clavicle c. Hinge i. Back-and-forth movement ii. Think of a hinge on a door

  7. iii. Ends of fingers, elbows, knees d. Gliding i. One bone slides over another ii. Carpels (in your wrist), vertebrae 3. Moving Smoothly a. Cartilage reduces friction and cushions bones b. Disks between vertebra c. Blood vessels deliver lubricating fluid 4. Common Joint Problems a. Arthritis b. Osteoarthritis: cartilage breaks down c. Rheumatoid Arthritis: body attacks cartilage

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