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Bonding Basics

Bonding Basics. Valence Electrons. The electrons in the highest or outermost energy level of an element’s atoms Valence electrons largely determine the chemical properties of an element Find the valence electrons on the periodic table by looking at the family group number

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Bonding Basics

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  1. Bonding Basics

  2. Valence Electrons • The electrons in the highest or outermost energy level of an element’s atoms • Valence electrons largely determine the chemical properties of an element • Find the valence electrons on the periodic table by looking at the family group number • Na is in family group 1A and has 1 valence electron • C is in family group 4A and has 4 valence electrons • Br is in family group 7A and has 7 valence electrons

  3. Electron Dot Structure • Diagrams that show valence electrons in the atoms of an element as dots around their symbol • Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons 8A

  4. Octet Rule • States that in forming compounds, atoms tend to achieve the electron configuration of a noble gas, usually with 8 valence electrons • Cl has 7 valence electrons, so would gain 1 to get to outer energy level having 8 valence electrons • Na has 1 valence electron, would lose 1 to get to outer energy level having 8 valence electrons

  5. Ions • An atom that gains one or more electrons will have a negative charge • F has 9 positively charged protons and 9 negatively charged electrons making it a neutral over all charge, but if it gains a negatively charged electron then the over all charge is now negative • An atom that loses one or more electrons will have a positive charge • Mg has 12 protons and 12 electrons if it loses 2 electrons it will have 2+ charge

  6. Ions • An atom that gains or loses one or more electrons is called an ion • Cation is a positive ion that has lost one or more electrons • Anion is a negative ion that has gained one or more electrons

  7. Oxidation Number • The number of electrons it loses or gains when reacting with another element in forming a compound • Hydrogen has 1 valence electron will lose 1 electron • Oxidation # = 1+

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