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Predictors of HIV Transmission Risk among Patients in Care:

Predictors of HIV Transmission Risk among Patients in Care: Results from the SPNS Prevention with Positives Initiative. Stephen F. Morin, PhD Principal Investigator, EPPEC. SPNS Clinic-based Prevention with Positives Demonstration Project. 15 Sites, four year funding

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Predictors of HIV Transmission Risk among Patients in Care:

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  1. Predictors of HIV Transmission Risk among Patients in Care: Results from the SPNS Prevention with Positives Initiative Stephen F. Morin, PhD Principal Investigator, EPPEC

  2. SPNS Clinic-based Prevention with Positives Demonstration Project • 15 Sites, four year funding • Evaluation Center (UCSF) funded one year earlier • Multiple interventions • Local and cross-site evaluation components

  3. Research Questions: Cross-site Evaluation • Can behavioral interventions in primary care clinical settings help HIV-positive clients reduce the risk of transmitting HIV to others? • What models are most appropriate with different populations (e.g., men of color who have sex with men, heterosexual women, rural drug users)? • What models are most appropriate for different primary care settings (e.g., rural, urban, high volume, community-based organization, large hospital)?

  4. EPPEC Sites

  5. Intervention Types

  6. Objectives • Aim 1: To describe the demographic, health and risk profile of cross site participants at baseline. • Aim 2: To assess predictors of HIV transmission risk (HTR) among subpopulations of patients.

  7. Methods • Individual computer-assisted interviews were conducted among HIV-infected patients in 15 primary care clinics: • Men who have sex with men (MSM, n=1969) • Women (n=964) • Heterosexual men (n=689) • Interviews assessed: • Patients’ sexual behavior in the last 6 months • Non-injection drug use in the last 3 months • Injection drug use in the last 30 days • HIV clinical status and demographic characteristics

  8. Demographics by Subpopulation

  9. Clinical Overview • MSM were more likely to report CD4 cell counts over 200 (66%) than were women (58%) or heterosexual men (53%). • About half of all patients reported that their most recent viral load was undetectable. • More men (68% of MSM and 71% of heterosexual men) than women (59%) were currently on antiretroviral therapy.

  10. Alcohol, Stimulant and Injection Drug Use *In the last 3 months **In the last 30 days

  11. Drug and Alcohol Use, cont’d • MSM were more likely to use methamphetamines, while women and heterosexual men were more likely to use cocaine. • Women were less likely than heterosexual men to report alcohol (p<.001), stimulant (p=.018) or other drug use (p=.002). • MSM were more likely than heterosexual men to report both alcohol and drug use.

  12. Sexual Activity in the Last Six Months

  13. Unprotected Sex by Partner HIV Serostatus

  14. Status of Sex Partners, cont’d • Reports of unprotected sex were high among MSM and women compared to heterosexual men regardless of the serostatus of the sexual partner: • MSM: p<0.03 for HIV+ and HIV- and unknown status partners; • Women: p<0.02 for HIV+ and HIV- and p=0.22 for unknown status partners. • HIV-infected patients report the highest frequency of sex with other positives, compared to other serostatus partners.

  15. HIV Transmission Risk Transmission risk is defined as any unprotected vaginal or anal intercourse with an HIV-negative or unknown status partner

  16. HIV Transmission Risk Sex in the Last 6 Months

  17. HTR Overall • Overall, MSM were more than twice as likely to report HIV transmission risk sex compared to heterosexual men (Odds Ratio [OR]=2.41; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]=1.85, 3.13; p<0.001). • Women were also more likely than heterosexual men to report HIV transmission risk sex (OR=1.63; 95% CI=1.21, 2.19; p<0.001).

  18. Adjusted Odds Ratios for Factors Associated with HIV Sexual Transmission Risk by Subpopulation *p<.01 **p<.05 NS=not statistically significant

  19. Summary • Stimulant use was associated with HTR in all three groups, although differences in other factors associated with HTR suggest that the context of use is different across subpopulations. • In this sample, young, gay men who used drugs and alcohol were at increased risk of transmitting HIV. • Heterosexuals using stimulants (primarily cocaine) were also at increased risk. Results suggest young women and higher SES men are at greater risk.

  20. Conclusions • Individuals at risk of transmitting HIV can be identified in clinical settings • Different risk patterns suggest different needs of subpopulations of patients • Behavioral risk assessments and risk reduction counseling can be tailored and integrated into clinical HIV care

  21. Acknowledgements This work is supported by grant number 5H97HA00261 from the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) Special Projects of National Significance (SPNS) Program. UCSF Study Team: Steve Morin, Janet Myers, Carol Dawson-Rose, Elliot Marseille, Kim Koester, Andre Maiorana, Karen Vernon, Lisa Didier, Starley Shade, Jennifer Bie Project Officers: Pamela Belton, Sandra Duggan, Faye Malitz, Katherine McElroy

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