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Enhancing Healthcare Efficiency through Payment by Results: The UK Experience

Explore the UK's innovative Payment by Results (PbR) system in healthcare, its impact on quality and efficiency, and future prospects for the NHS and taxpayers. Discover the key elements of PbR, including Health Resource Groups (HRGs) and National Tariff, and the benefits it brings in terms of patient choice, reduced wait times, and improved data quality.

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Enhancing Healthcare Efficiency through Payment by Results: The UK Experience

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  1. Patient-Focused Funding & Payment by Results The UK ExperienceCEO Forum, Kananaskis, AlbertaFebruary 16, 2009 Robert J. Bell – Chief Executive Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust London, UK r.bell@rbht.nhs.uk

  2. The NHS (2008) DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH STRATEGIC HEALTH AUTHORITIES PRIMARY CARE TRUSTS ACUTE CARE TRUSTS • Manage and provide Medical and Surgical care in Teaching and District General Hospitals, Specialist Hospitals and DTCs • Contract with PCTs for services to patients on a local/regional basis • Contract for (commission) hospital care, locally • Manage and integrate primary care for medical, dental, pharmaceutical and optical services THE LOCAL HEALTH ECONOMY

  3. The NHS (2008) • 10 STRATEGIC HEALTH AUTHORITIES (SHAs) • For a population of 51 million • 152 PRIMARY CARE TRUSTS (PCTs) • Average population of 330,000 • 230 NHS TRUSTS • Acute, Mental Health, Ambulance

  4. The NHS (2008) MAJOR REFORMS : THE PAST DECADE ……

  5. Payment by Results THE NEW WAY OF DOING BUSINESS PbR BLOCK FUNDING

  6. Payment by Results (PbR) (Payment by Activity) KEY ELEMENTS HRGs Health resource groups National Tariff Activity Payment to provider by PCT

  7. Payment by Results (PbR) WHY WAS IT INTRODUCED? • TO FACILITATE DECENTRALISED WAITING TIME REDUCTION (TARGETS) • TO REWARD EFFICIENCY AND QUALITY • TO SUPPORT PATIENT CHOICE (MONEY FOLLOWS THE PATIENT) • TO PROVIDE A TRANSPARENT AND FAIR WAY TO PAY PROVIDERS • TO REDUCE TRANSACTION COSTS AND NEGOTIATION DISPUTES

  8. The NHS (2008) PCT’s and Commissioning PCT’s PbR (Payment by Results) PRACTICE BASED Commissioning • National Tariff • Patient Level Costing PATIENT CHOICE • GP’s “Choose & Book” PLURALITY 18 WEEK PATHWAYS • Foundation Trusts • ISTC’s • NHS Trusts • Etc. • Integrated Care

  9. Payment by Results (PbR) THE KEY ELEMENTS HEALTH RESOURCE GROUPS (HRGs) NATIONALTARIFF • Developed in Australia • Implemented in the UK (1992) • Standard Grouping • Clinically similar patients • Consume similar level of Healthcare • Used to set a National Tariff (Price/HRG) • Based on average reference costs • Separate Tariff (Elective vs Emergency) • Tariff paid according to actual work • Trusts compensated through national contracts/local SLA BASELINE ACTIVITY • Agreed level of work between PCT and Trust • Adjustments subject to SLA and risk sharing FINISHED CONSULTANT EPISODES (FCEs) • HRG’s counted by FCEs SPELLS • Providers paid for a “spell” that may include several FCE’s SPECIALIST TOP UPS • Complex rules/algoritism • Specific uplifts for certain combination codes

  10. Payment by Results (PbR) Has it really worked? Did the UK get the Balance right for the NHS and the Taxpayers?

  11. Payment by Results (PbR) The Combination of PbR and National Targets has markedly decreased Wait Time for Admission to hospital

  12. Payment by Results (PbR) Lower Hospitalisation has been experienced

  13. Payment by Results (PbR) And: Short stay activity has increased

  14. Payment by Results (PbR) • Increasing efficiency • Rewarding and increasing quality “THE JURY IS STILL OUT”

  15. Payment by Results (PbR)

  16. Payment by Results (PbR) However,

  17. Payment by Results (PbR) Data Quality has substantially improved ….

  18. Payment by Results (PbR) So what does the future look like? • PbR is here to stay current HRG version 3.5 to be replaced by version 4.0 • PbR has been extended to Mental Health • HRG unbundling to support PCTs in shifting local commissioning to community settings and GP’s • Pay for Performance may be next (linking Quality and Outcomes) • PbR may be applied to community and home based services

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