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Chapter 1– part B

Chapter 1– part B. Biology: The Study of Life. QSR #14. Compound Light Microscopes. 1. Eyepiece – what you look through (10x) 2. Body tube – tube between the eyepiece and objective lenses 3. Fine adjustment knob – make the last “fine” adjustments

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Chapter 1– part B

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  1. Chapter 1– part B Biology: The Study of Life

  2. QSR #14

  3. Compound Light Microscopes 1. Eyepiece – what you look through (10x) 2. Body tube – tube between the eyepiece and objective lenses 3. Fine adjustment knob – make the last “fine” adjustments 4. Nosepiece – rotating mount that holds the objective lenses 5. objective lens – gathers light from the specimen • 5. High power: longer – higher magnification • 6. Low power: shorter – lower magnification

  4. 7. Diaphragm: regulates the amount of light that enters the • 8. Light source: either a mirror or light bulb • 9. Base: supports the weight of the microscope • 10. Coarse-adjustment knob – big knob used for focusing • -should ONLY be used under LOW • magnification • 11. Arm– holds body tube to the base • Microscope is carried by this • 12. Stage clips – holds glass slide in place • 13. Stage – Holds the specimen for viewing

  5. Electron Microscopes • A. Uses a beam of electrons instead of light • Can magnify up to 500,000 times • B. 2 types • 1. Scanning electron microscope • Scans across the surface • 2. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) • Allows you to view INSIDE the speciman

  6. QSR #14 – COPY AND FILL IN THE BLANKS!!

  7. Characteristics of living things • 1.Made of cells • Multicellular • unicellular • 2.Reproduce • Sexually vs asexually • 3.Change over time • 4.Respond to environment (stimulus vs response) • 5.Adapt • 6.evolve

  8. Is a virus living? Viruses are NOT made of cells….

  9. Important terms: • Cellular organization • Cells, tissues, organs, systems, and organism • Metabolism • ALL of the chemical processes involved in breaking down or building up materials for energy • Homeostasis • Maintaining internal conditions that are balanced • Ex: pH levels, sugar levels, hormone levels

  10. Anything that possesses all of the characteristics of life organism

  11. T or F…Reproduction is essential for the survival of all species TRUE!!!!

  12. A group of organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring in nature species

  13. liger

  14. tigon

  15. tigon

  16. zorse

  17. Mule

  18. Stimulus Vs Response • A STIMULUS is anything in the environment that requires an organism to adjust/react • The adjustment made is the RESPONSE. • EX: Sweating in humans is a response to the stimulus of high temperature

  19. Adaptation and evolution • Adaptation • Any structure or behavior that enables an organism to better survive in an environment • Ex: Length of a giraffe’s neck • Leads to EVOLUTION of the species • A change in living things over time

  20. QSR #15

  21. Observing Making a hypothesis Collecting data Publishing results Forming a theory Developing new hypotheses Revising the theory Scientific method

  22. QSR #4 1. _______ ________s are used to accurately measure the volume of liquids. 2. ________ are used for cutting during dissections. 3. The hottest part of a flame of a bunsen burner is __________________. 4.Other than bunsen burners, ______ _______s can be used to heat liquids inside beakers.

  23. The Methods of Biology • Observing and Hypothesizing • EX: Why do earthworms leave their burrows when it rains? • To answer questions, scientists use the • Scientific method • Id problems to answer by observing

  24. hypothesis • Explanation for a question or a problem that can be formally tested • Must be able to be tested

  25. experiment • A procedure that tests a hypothesis by the process of collecting information under controlled conditions

  26. control • The group in which all conditions are kept the same

  27. Experimental group • Aka the test group • All conditions are kept the same except for the single condition being tested

  28. Independent variable • The condition in an experiment that is changed • Also called the manipulated variable

  29. Dependent variable • As the independent variable changes it causes changes in this • Also called the responding variable • “MIX DRY” – What does this mean?

  30. Data • Quantitative vs. qualitative • Quantitative describes using numbers • Qualitative describes using words • Think “quantity vs quality” • Give a few examples of each:

  31. QSR #15

  32. Theories • An “explanation” of a natural phenomenon that is supported by a large body of scientific evidence obtained from many different investigations • Continual verification and refinement of a hypothesis • Not proven or “FACT” • Scientific theory is different from regular theories

  33. Laws • Facts of nature that generally known to be true • Ex: Newton’s Laws of Motion

  34. Technological Design… • What if you have a new idea or way to improve the quality of human life? • Steps for a new technological design: • Identify the need → design → implement → evaluate the design • IDIE

  35. Section Assessment pg. 20

  36. Suppose you made the observation that bees seem to prefer a yellow flower that produces abundant amounts of pollen and nectar over a purple flower that produces less pollen and nectar. List 2 separate hypotheses that you might make about bees and flowers.

  37. Students might hypothesize that bees prefer yellow flowers to purple flowers or that bees prefer flowers with more abundant pollen.

  38. Describe a controlled experiment you could perform to determine whether ants are more attracted to butter or honey. • Set up an experimental chamber. Within a specific amount of time, count and record how many ants move to butter placed a specific distance from the ants. Repeat several times. Repeat using honey in place of the butter.

  39. What is the difference between a theory and a hypothesis. • A hypothesis is a testable explanation for a question. A theory is a refined explanation supported by many different experiments.

  40. Why do experiments usually require a control? • A control provides greater certainty that observed results are not due to chance or other variables.

  41. Describe a way that a baker might conduct a controlled experiment with a cookie recipe. • Prepare one batch of cookies by following a recipe and another batch of cookies by varying a single variable in the recipe, such as the amount of sugar.

  42. Review the Inside Story. What happens when a hypothesis is not confirmed? What does the position of the word theory indicate about the strength of a scientific theory compared to the strength of a hypothesis?

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