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Saturation and Unsaturation

Saturation and Unsaturation. A saturated compound has the maximum number of hydrogen atoms Alkanes are saturated Compounds with double and triple bonds are unsaturated compounds. Alkenes. Hydrocarbons that contain AT LEAST one carbon-carbon double covalent bond

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Saturation and Unsaturation

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  1. Saturation and Unsaturation • A saturated compound has the maximum number of hydrogen atoms • Alkanes are saturated • Compounds with double and triple bonds are unsaturated compounds

  2. Alkenes • Hydrocarbons that contain AT LEAST one carbon-carbon double covalent bond • Not all the bonds have to be double bonds • Show a double bond using parallel lines • The parent chain must contain the double bond • Name of parent chain ends in “-ene”

  3. Alkynes • Hydrocarbons with AT LEAST one carbon-carbon triple covalent bond • Show with three parallel lines • Other bonds may be single or double bonds • Not very common • Parent chain must contain the triple bond • Name of parent chain ends in “-yne”

  4. Hydrocarbon Rings • The carbon chain can be in the form of a ring • Called a “cyclic hydrocarbon” • They are NOT isomers of the straight chain • (Cyclopentane would not be an isomer of pentane) • Why not? Different molecular formula

  5. Aromatic Compounds • Super stable • Responsible for odors such as vanilla, cinnamon, ginger, etc. • Contain at least one ring or a group of rings with double bonds • Many molecules’ goal is to become aromatic

  6. Benzene • Simplest aromatic compound • Extremely important molecule in organic chemistry • Very stable, but can undergo numerous reactions • Very common structure b/c of its stability • Used widely in industry, found in crude oil • Harmful in large quantities

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