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Chapter 2: Population

Chapter 2: Population. The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography. BELLWORK: September 19, 2013 STUDENTS WILL ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS ON THE NEXT 5 SLIDES:.

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Chapter 2: Population

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  1. Chapter 2: Population The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography

  2. BELLWORK: September 19, 2013 STUDENTS WILL ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS ON THE NEXT 5 SLIDES:

  3. Population Density: What is the spatial distribution of people in South Asia and China compared to global population rates?

  4. Population density and ClimateWhat is the relationship?

  5. Critical Issues in Population Geography More people are alive today than at any other time in human history The world’s population increased at a faster rate during the second half of the twentieth century than ever before. Virtually all population growth today occurs in less developed countries (LDCs)

  6. Ecumenes: A portion of the earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement. • What climates do people avoid? -cold areas (polar regions) -high areas (Mts, except for the Andes and some areas of Africa) - arid areas too dry for farming (deserts) -wet areas (rainforests, flooded basins)

  7. Where Is the World’s Population Distributed? • Population concentrations • Two-thirds of the world’s population are in four regions: • East Asia • South Asia • Europe • Southeast Asia

  8. Population Distribution Figure 2-2

  9. Where Is the World’s Population Distributed? • Population density: # of people occupying land can be computed in several ways • Arithmetic density: total number of people divided by total land area • Physiological density: total number of people divided by arable land area • Agricultural density: total number of farmers divided by arable land area

  10. Measures of Density Table 2-1

  11. Bellwork Sept. 20- A Population Density map of South Asia: By which water or physical features do people cluster? What cultural aspects influence these crowded ecumenes?

  12. Where Has the World’s Population Increased? • Natural increase rate • The percentage by which a population grows in a year • Crude birth rate (CBR) • The number of births per 1,000 population • Crude death rate (CDR) • The number of deaths per 1,000 population • Doubling time • The number of years needed to double a population

  13. World Population Growth Figure 2-8

  14. Where Has the World’s Population Increased? • Fertility • Total fertility rate (TFR): the average # of children a woman will have during childbearing years; 2.6 for the world • Mortality • Infant mortality rate (IMR): # of infant deaths under 1 year compared with total live births • Life expectancy: average number of years one can expect to live

  15. Figure 2-13 Figure 2-14 • Notice that places with high TFRs tend to have high IMRs and that places with low TFRs have low IMRs.

  16. Compare an MDC (Japan) to an LDC (Zimbabwe)The shape of a pyramid is determined by its crude birth rate

  17. Compare the following demographic factors: LDC MDC Crude Birth Rate = low Crude Death Rate =low Infant Mortality Rate = low Literacy Rate = high School Enrollment = high Total Fertility Rate = low Total % of pop under 15 = low Life Expectancy = high Natural Increase Rate = low GNI Gross National Income = high • Crude Birth Rate = high • Crude Death Rate = low • Infant Mortality Rate = high • Literacy Rate = low • School Enrollment = low • Total Fertility Rate =high • Total % of pop under 15 =high • Life Expectancy = low • Natural Increase Rate = high • GNI Gross National Income = low

  18. Crude Birth Rate

  19. BELLWORK SEPT. 23-WHY IS WORLD POPULATION IMPORTATNT TO ANALYZE?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sc4HxPxNrZ0&feature=player_embedded

  20. Why Is Population Increasing at Different Rates? • Demographic transition • Four stages • Stage 1: Low growth • Agricultural revolution • Stage 2: High growth • Industrial Revolution • Stage 3: Moderate growth • Stage 4: Low growth • Zero population growth (ZPG)

  21. Demographic Transition Figure 2-15

  22. Do a comparison of demographic factors between countries at www.prb.org http://www.prb.org/pdf08/08WPDS_Eng.pdf http://www.prb.org/Publications/GraphicsBank.aspx

  23. ACTIVITY: Students will Draw DMT in their Interactive Notebooks.

  24. World Population Clock Bellwork 9/24- What does Population Growth Measure? http://www.peterrussell.com/Odds/WorldClock.php

  25. Why Is Population Increasing at Different Rates? • Population pyramids • A bar graph showing a place’s age and sex composition • Shape of the pyramid is determined mainly by the CBR • Age distribution • Dependency ratio: number of people too young or too old to work (0-14, 65+) • Sex distribution • Sex ratio: number of males per hundred females

  26. Population Pyramids Figure 2-19

  27. POPULATION PYRAMIDS: Power of the Pyramids Activity

  28. Bellwork 9/25: Analysis of fact sheets from www.census.gov www.census.gov Factfinder: thematic and reference maps for demographics

  29. Why Is Population Increasing at Different Rates? • Countries are in different stages of the demographic transition • Three examples: • Cape Verde = High growth • Stage 2 since the 1950s • Chile = Moderate growth • Stage 3 since the 1960s • Denmark = Low growth • Stage 4 since the 1970s

  30. Cape Verde: Stage 2

  31. Chile: Stage 3

  32. Denmark: Stage 4

  33. Japan’s Population Decline

  34. Sept. 26: “One Billion and Counting” computer activity HW – finish “One Billion and Counting” at home to turn in on Monday, 9/30

  35. Sept. 27th: Watch “Population Paradox”-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CDJcKvukZRA Get new NYT due 10/10

  36. Bellwork: Why Is Population Increasing at Different Rates?

  37. ISSUES: • Most countries = stage 2 or stage 3 of the Demographic Transition • Stages 2 and 3 are characterized by significant population growth • No country is in stage 1 of the demographic transition • Thus, It is easier to cause a drop in the CDR than in the CBR

  38. Overpopulation: A place does not have the carrying capacity(available resources) for its’ population Physiological density: # of people per unit area of arable land Agricultural density: ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land.

  39. Carrying capacity changes over time and land degradation. Pre-industrial South Asia 2002 South Asia

  40. Why Might Overpopulation be a Concern? • Malthus on overpopulation • An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798): Population grows geometrically while food supply grows arithmetically • Criticism of Malthus includes the following: • Fixed resources rather than expanding (possiblism?) • Esther Boserup, Julian Simon & Simon Kuznets argue: • More brains = more ideas • More ppl = > demand for goods = more jobs • Friedrich Engels: enough food to eliminate world hunger • Workers don’t control distribution nor get paid sufficient wages to purchase it

  41. Malthus: Theory & Reality Figure 2-25

  42. Why Might Overpopulation be a Concern? • Declining birth rates • Reasons for declining birth rates • Reliance on economic development • Distribution of contraceptives • Reducing birth rates with contraception

  43. Family Planning Figure 2-30

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