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Hitler and the Holocaust

Hitler and the Holocaust. The Quest for a Pure Germany. Where did Anti-Semitism Come From?. Jews vs Arabs in Middle East Jews are always immigrants world-wide Economic reputation as wealthy, stingy, savvy with money Political reputation as plotters of world dominance

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Hitler and the Holocaust

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  1. Hitler and the Holocaust The Quest for a Pure Germany

  2. Where did Anti-Semitism Come From? Jews vs Arabs in Middle East Jews are always immigrants world-wide Economic reputation as wealthy, stingy, savvy with money Political reputation as plotters of world dominance Fear of Zionism—a Jewish homeland in Palestine would be like a Vatican-a headquarters for spreading their ideas

  3. Prior Antisemitic Behavior in Europe • Several times in European history, Jews were targeted for expulsion from the area or killed: • Ancient Greece & Rome • Some Christians since their beginnings— “Jews killed Jesus” • Spanish Inquisition (1492) • Late 1800s Europe—grew into Nazism; a racial ideology

  4. Hitler’s “Reasoning” • Extreme nationalism: Purify Germany. Leave only Aryans. • Jews as a race, were seen as the #1 threat to national security & purity • scapegoat • Hitler’s message was meant to be taken as a whole—if you didn’t like part of it, get over it • Read the excerpts from Mein Kampfto try and grasp Hitler’s antisemitism

  5. The Scene in 1933 525,000 Jews lived in Germany No real sense of panic—Jews were directed to remain calm Would the Nazis even stay in power? Most discrimination included boycotting Jewish stores, breaking their windows, avoiding them in public/disassociation Some killings by SA/SS/Gestapo

  6. Who Was Targeted? • Jews • Anyone with birth defects—and they were supposed to be sterilized so as not to have children with birth defects • Gypsies (Roma), while technically Aryan, had mingled with the lowest classes of society and were therefore tainted: “criminally asocial” • Homosexuals, Jehovah’s Witnesses, and anyone who helped save any of the above

  7. Eugenics • Improving the genetic makeup of a population through the application of science… • “It will be the task of the People's State to make the race the centre of the life of the community. It must make sure that the purity of the racial strain will be preserved. It must proclaim the truth that the child is the most valuable possession a people can have. It must see to it that only those who are healthy shall beget children; that there is only one infamy, namely, for parents that are ill or show hereditary defects to bring children into the world and that in such cases it is a high honour to refrain from doing so.”

  8. Euthanasia http://fcit.usf.edu/holocaust/resource/document/DocEuth.htm

  9. The Process • 1933: All Jewish business boycotted • Marriages between Christians and Jews prohibited • Jewish University professors’ classes were abandoned • 37,000 of the 525,000 German Jews emigrated • 1934: Night of the Long Knives (eliminated all other rivals for power—Hitler is it.)

  10. The Process • 1935: Nuremburg Laws: • 1. Reich flag law—black, red, & white are national colors, swastika is the national flag • 2. Citizenship law—distinction between “citizens” of the Reich (Germans) and “subjects” of it (all foreigners) • 3. Law for the Defense of German Blood & Honor—forbade marriages & all relations between Germans and Jews • (Many German Jews at this point hoped for a manageable segregated but lawful society now.)

  11. The Process 1936: Olympic Games held in Berlin—no anti-semitism shown to the world--greatest propaganda feat of all time? 1938: Anschluss: The annexation of Austria to Germany; antisemitic behavior was rampant there immediately All German Jews turned in their passports (no leaving) and had to get Jewish identity cards

  12. The Process • November 9, 1938: Kristallnacht: “The Night of Broken Glass” • Look up http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/timeline/knacht.htm • In the aftermath of the Kristallnacht pogrom in 1938, German propaganda minister Goebbels announced: "The German people is anti-Semitic. It has no desire to have its rights restricted or to be provoked in the future by parasites of the Jewish race."

  13. http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/timeline/knacht.htm

  14. 1000 Synagogues burned in these locations:

  15. The Process • September 1, 1939: Germany invades Poland • All Polish Jews must wear Star of David • 1939: First Polish ghetto is established • Concentration camps at Dachau and Buchenwald are used—see link • 1939-1941: Increasing use of ghettos to contain Jews and building of new concentration camps

  16. Jewish Population of Europe 1939

  17. Concentration Camps Auschwitz

  18. The Process • 1942: Many Jews in concentration camps are sent to Auschwitz/death camps • 1942-1944: Majority of the captured Jews, gypsies, and others are deported to locations to be killed—6 extermination camps in Poland; ghettos are destroyed • Resistance movements occur • 1945: Allies (USA, USSR mostly) liberate concentration camps

  19. Final Numbers Jewish people killed as a % of their pre-war population

  20. Final Numbers • 11,000,000 killed (6 m Jews, 5 m others) • Or, 15-20 million killed &/or imprisoned • 30,000 slave labor camps • 1150 Jewish ghettos • 980 concentration camps • 500 brothels with sex slaves • Thousands of other camps for euthanizing the elderly, “purifying” & “Germanizing” people, sterilizing facilities…

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