100 likes | 246 Views
Chapter 20—The conservative order and the challenges of reform. Liberalism, Nationalism, and Conservatism in 19 th Century Europe. Liberalism. This is “19 th Century European Liberalism” Would not be considered “Liberal” in the 21 st century sense of the word
E N D
Chapter 20—The conservative order and the challenges of reform Liberalism, Nationalism, and Conservatism in 19th Century Europe
Liberalism • This is “19th Century European Liberalism” • Would not be considered “Liberal” in the 21st century sense of the word • Looked to make moderate political/economic changes gradually
Liberalism • Wished to apply the ideas of the Enlightenment and the “Principles of 1789” • Looked towards Great Britain’s liberties as an example • Legal equality • Religious toleration • Freedom of the press • Elected representation in government • WRITTEN CONSTITUTIONS
Liberalism • Economic Goals: • Abolish mercantilism • Free Trade!!! • End regulations on wages and labor • “Laissez-Faire” economics
Nationalism • ***”Nationalism proved to be the single most powerful European political ideology of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.” • Has reappeared in late-20th early 21st century Europe after the collapse of the Soviet Union and Second World
Nationalism • Believed that political and ethnic boundaries should be the same. • Disagreed with the Congress of Vienna • Why???
Nationalism • The major opponents of the Nationalist movement: • Austrian (Habsburg) Empire • Russia • All other heterogeneous states united under one monarchy/empire
Nationalism • Nationalist Movements: • The “Irish Problem” • German-speaking regions • The Italian peninsula • Poland • Eastern Europe (Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Slovenia) • Balkan Peninsula (Serbia and Greece)
Conservatism The French Revolution had made these three groups into allies.
Opposition to Conservatism • Habsburg Empire—Opposed the rule of Prince Metternich • Prussia—opposed Frederick William III • France—opposed Louis XVIII • Spain—opposed Ferdinand VII • Greece—SUCCESSFUL • Serbia--SUCCESSFUL