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CHAPTER 3

CHAPTER 3. BIODIVERSITY. BIODIVERSITY. Living things = organisms About 10-10000 million kinds of organisms living on earth Less than 2 million kinds have been identified Biodiversity = The wide variety of organisms on earth

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CHAPTER 3

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  1. CHAPTER 3 BIODIVERSITY

  2. BIODIVERSITY • Living things = organisms • About 10-10000 million kinds of organisms living on earth • Less than 2 million kinds have been identified • Biodiversity = The wide variety of organisms on earth • Different organisms have different characteristics to enable them to adapt and survive in their habitats

  3. CLASSIFICATION(kingdom) • Animals • Plants • Fungi • Bacteria • Very simple organisms

  4. ANIMALS

  5. CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS

  6. VERTEBRATES

  7. AMPHIBIANS • Cold-blooded • Can live both on land & in water • The eggs fertilised outside the female’s body • Young amphibians live in water & breathe with gills • Adults amphibians breathe with lungs when on land • Adults amphibians breathe with skin when in water • Adults have loose & moist skin • Examples = frog, salamader

  8. FISH • Have bodies that are well adapted for life under water • Skin is covered with hard and slimmy scales for protection • Mostly lay eggs that are fertilised outside their bodies • Have fins and tails to swim • Breathe with gills • Cold-blooded

  9. BIRDS • Only animals with feathers • Have beaks & wings but not all can fly • Breathe with lungs • The eggs have hard shells & laid in their nests • The eggs fertilised internally • Warm-blooded

  10. MAMMALS • Warm-blooded • Bodies are covered with hair or fur • The eggs fertilised internally • Give birth to live young • Their young feed on milk from mother’s mammary glands • Breathe with lungs • Examples = cats, cows, dolphins, rats

  11. REPTILES • Mostly live on land • Have hard dry scales to protect their bodies • Breath with lungs • Cold-blooded • Eggs are fertilised inside the female body • Eggs have tough, leathery shells to prevent from drying out • Examples = snakes, crocodiles, turtles

  12. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN EACH GROUPS

  13. PLANTS

  14. CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS • Classify into 2 big groups : flowering plants & non-flowering plants • Flowering plants produce flowers. Flowers produce fruits and seeds. • Non-flowering plants = conifers, ferns, mosses, algae • Conifers = pine trees, casuarina trees • Ferns & mosses reproduce by spores • Algae = phytoplankton, seaweed

  15. CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS

  16. MONOCOTYLEDONS • One cotyledon • Have fibrous roots • Leaves = parallel veins • Mostly herbaceous plants (not have woody stems) • Examples = grasses, sugar cane, corn

  17. DICOTYLEDONS • 2 cotyledons • Have tap roots • Leaves = a network of veins • Trees, shrubs or herbaceous plants • Examples = rambutan trees, mango trees, hibiscus

  18. THE IMPORTANCE OF BIODIVERSITY

  19. BENEFITS OF BIODIVERSITY • Source of food : Different food, different nutrients • Source of materials : Houses, furniture, handicrafts, textiles • Source of medicine : Modern & traditional medicines • Clean water : Drink, bathe, grow crops • Air to breathe : Circulation of oxygen and carbon dioxide

  20. Rio earth summit (june 1992) • To protect and manage habitats • To educate people • To use animals, plants, lands and water wisely • To protect threatened species

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