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World Federation of Public Health Associations 11 th CONGRESS, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL

World Federation of Public Health Associations 11 th CONGRESS, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL. HEALTH IMPACTS OF WARS & POLITICAL UNREST: A CALL FROM THE BALKAN REGION By Samir N. Banoob, M.D, D.M, DPH, Ph.D President& Professor

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World Federation of Public Health Associations 11 th CONGRESS, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL

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  1. World Federation of Public Health Associations11th CONGRESS, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL HEALTH IMPACTS OF WARS & POLITICAL UNREST: A CALL FROM THE BALKAN REGION By Samir N. Banoob, M.D, D.M, DPH, Ph.D President& Professor International Health Management, LLC.,USA Dean & Prof., school of Global Health Development, ECPD UN University for Peace, Belgrade, Serbia sbanoob@aol.com

  2. HEALTH IMPACTS • DIRECT • INDIRECT • ECONOMIC IMPACT • SOCIAL & MENTAL • HEALTH CARE • H. SYSTEM • H. RESOURCES • MANAGEMENT AND DELIVARY

  3. HEALTH& WARS DIRECT IMPACT & SUFFERING • DEATH • DISEASE • DISABILITY • DISRTESS • DISCOMFORT POVERTY, FAMINES, HUNGER MASS DISLOCATION DESTRUCTION MENTAL & SOCIAL DISORDERS

  4. Direct impacts, cont. DEATHS: • 20thcentury: Most savage in human history WW I 37 M WW II 62 M 37 Civilians, 25 armed forces • COLD WAR • MILITARY CONFLICTS/ YEAR 1989-2004: 22-54 • Deaths during 2000 = 350,000 • Proportional deaths 1990 1.5% 2020 3% excl. WMD

  5. CHANGING PATTERNS • MOSTLY within states or across borders • MAJORITY in developing or LDC • HIGHER fatalities • MORE Lasting or Recurrent • MORE Civilian Casualties 70-90% • MASS Population Displacement • MORE Destruction of Infrastructure

  6. Displaced Persons REFUGEES • IN 1980 6 MILLIONS • IN 2003 12 MILLIONS • PALESTINE 3.0 M • AFGANISTAN 2.5 M • BURMA 0.6 M • SUDAN 0.4 M • CONGO 0.4 M • LIBERIA,BURUNDI, ANGOLA, CONGO • 0.3- 0.4 M.EACH

  7. INTENALLY DISPLACED PERSONS • HUNGER, FAMINES, MALNUTRITION • COMMUNICABLE DISEASES • NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES • UNSAFE WATER AND SANITATION • DISRUPTED HEALTH CARE • VIOLENCE • SOCIAL & MENTAL DISORDERS

  8. DEATHS/ 10,000/DAY FOR IDP’S • SOMALIA 4-16 1992 • SUDAN 7-26 1992,98 • ANGOLA 2.9-8.3 1995, 2004 • LIBERIA 5.5 1996 • BOSNIA 1.0 1993

  9. ECONOMIC IMPACT OF WARS • Deplete national resources • Shifting resources from health& human development • Global Military spending, 2003 $ bill. 950 • Eradication of global severe poverty& hunger $bill 19 19 days of global military spending every year Can provide safe water, sanitation, basic health care& reproductive health

  10. COMMISSION ON MACROECONOMICS& HEALTH • Investing in health is an input to economic development • Saves millions of lives every year • Reduces poverty • Promotes global security

  11. UN Millennium Development Goals • 1. Eradicate extreme poverty • 2.Universal Primary Education • 3.Gender Equity& empower women • 4. Reduce child mortality • 5.Improve maternal health • 6.Combat HIV/AID, Malaria and other.. • 7.Ensure environmental sustainability • 8.Develop global partnership

  12. HEALTH & ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT HEALTH INDICATORS • Least Developed developed • Infant Mortality/1000 90 8 • Child Mortality/1000 100 10 • Life Expectancy (years) 60 80 Added factors: • Poverty • Population increase • Comm. Diseases • AND WARS!

  13. MILITARY SPENDING • Increased 6%/ year in the last 3 years • Increased between 1995-2004: GLOBAL 23% • Central Asia 73% • North Africa 65% • Middle East 40% • Sub Saharan Africa 29% • North America 34% • East/ Central Europe 22% • West Europe 4%

  14. THE BALKAN WARS • WW I & WW II • THE YUGOSLAV WARS 1991-2002 • SERIES OF VIOLENT CONFLICTS AMONG YUGOSLAV REPUBLICS • BLOODIEST CONFLICTS IN EUROPE SINCE WWII, GENOCIDAL, ETHNIC, RELIGIOUS • INTERVENTION OF NATO • 100-200,000 FATALITIES • MASSIVE DESTRUCTION AND DISPLACEMENT • ENDED by 7 INDEPENDENT STATES

  15. MILITARY vs. HEALTH SPENDINGAS % of GNP Health Military Switzerland 11.2 1 France 9.7 2.6 Germany 10.4 1 Japan 8 1 USA 15.4 3.2 Albania 6 1.5 Bosnia & Herz 9.2 4.5 Bulgaria 7.4 NA Croatia 7.3 2.4 Macedonia 6.8 6 Serbia & Mont. 8.1 4.8 Slovenia 5.9 1.7

  16. Military Spending in the Balkans, 2003( US$ MILLION) • Albania 57 • Bosnia& Herzegovina 234 • Bulgaria 356 • Croatia 620 • Macedonia 200 • Serbia& Montenegro 654 • Slovenia 370 TOTAL 2,491

  17. ECPD Global Health Development School STRATEGIC PL AN: - ECPD MISSION& INTERNATIONAL ROLE - REGIONAL HEALTH SYSTEMS’ NEEDS - EUROPEAN ACADEMIC STANDARDS - SPECIAL NEEDS FOR SENIOR MANAGERS’ TRAINING AND EDUCATION

  18. ECPD Global Health Development School Program 1.Degree seeking education Post graduate Diploma - Master - Ph.D in : • Health Management • Family practice • Gerontological health • 2.Certificate/ cont. education 3. Applied Research 4. Special projects 5. Publishing, translation

  19. Priority Regional H. Development Projects for 10-20 % of Military exp. • Reforming health systems • Education & training health leaders • Reforming medical education/ family practice • Joint research • Elderly care planning, delivery models • Sharing costly resources, regional centers & referral centers

  20. CONCLUDION • Heath is a major tool of development • Why may people die because of different color, race, religion or ethnicity • Tolerance, acceptance& reconciliation lead to: • Healthy and wealthy communities • Cooperation for happiness instead of confrontations for misery and suffering • Effective utilization of national resources

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