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Warm Up:

Warm Up:. Review for Chapter 15 Quiz. Chapter 16 . Section 1. How long can a president serve in office?. 22 nd Amendment 1951. Set a 10 year limit on the number of years a president could serve A response to the presidency of FDR. Eisenhower. World War II hero

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Warm Up:

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  1. Warm Up: Review for Chapter 15 Quiz

  2. Chapter 16 Section 1

  3. How long can a president serve in office?

  4. 22nd Amendment 1951 • Set a 10 year limit on the number of years a president could serve • A response to the presidency of FDR

  5. Eisenhower • World War II hero • Elected president in 1952 as a Republican

  6. Cold War • Brinkmanship- going to the brink of war without actually getting there • Making threats that were strong enough to bring results, without having to follow through

  7. Cold War • Massive Retaliation- the U.S. would use overwhelming force, including nuclear weapons, to settle a conflict

  8. Cold War • CIA – Central Intelligence Agency • Created in 1947 to spy on foreign governments • During Eisenhower presidency, helped overthrow the governments of Iran and Guatemala

  9. Cold War • Stalin died in 1953 • Nikita Khrushchev emerged as new leader • Warsaw Pact (1955) military alliance of Soviet dominated countries of Eastern Europe • Soviets used military force to end uprisings in Poland, Hungary

  10. Cold War • 1960, Soviets shot down U-2 spy plane • Captured pilot, Francis Gary Powers • Put in trial in USSR, found guilty of spying • Held for two years • Exchanged for release of Soviet spy • Damaged U.S- Soviet relations

  11. Cold War Hot Spots

  12. Cold War - Asia • In 1954, France lost struggle to maintain its colony in Vietnam Vietnam divided in half • North Communist • South Democratic

  13. Cold War - Asia Domino Theory - belief that if Vietnam became Communist, the rest of the nations in the region would follow SEATO- Southeast Asian Treaty Organization • Australia, Great Britain, France, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Philippines, Thailand and the U.S. • Agreed to work together to resist communism

  14. Cold War – Middle East • Israel declared independence in 1948 • Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon and Iraq immediately attacked • Israel won the war, conquered the land that had been set aside for an Arab Palestine

  15. Cold War – Middle East • Egypt, under Abdel Nasser, sought support of Soviet Union • U.S. withdrew financial support of Aswan High Dam project • In response, Egypt seized the Suez Canal • Blocked Europe’s access to oil supplies, Israel's access to Red Sea

  16. Cold War – Middle East • Israel launched surprise attack on Egypt • Britain and France sent forces to take control of Canal • Soviets threatened to enter conflict • Eisenhower insisted invaders leave Egypt • Egypt maintained control of canal

  17. Cold War – Middle East Eisenhower Doctrine 1957 • U.S. help, on request, any nation in the Middle East resist communist aggression

  18. Warm Up: • What are Americans afraid of?

  19. Chapter 16 Section 2

  20. Arms Race • Hydrogen Bomb (H-Bomb) - hundreds of times more powerful than nuclear weapons used in Japan • First detonated by Americans in 1952 • Soviet detonated in 1953

  21. Arms Race • Jan. 1957 U.S. test missile with 2,000 mile range • Aug. 1957 Soviets test missile with 4,000 mile range ICBM - Intercontinental Ballistic Missile

  22. Arms Race • 1954, U.S. develops nuclear powered subs • Later, nuclear powered subs are fitted with ICBM’s

  23. Space Race • Oct. 1957. Soviets launch first artificial satellite, Sputnik • Nov. 1957 Sputnik II, carries dog into space • National Defense Education Act (1958) millions of dollars for math and science education in public schools • Jan. 1958 U.S. launches first satellite • July 1960, NASA formed to lead U.S. space program

  24. Threat of Nuclear War • Faced with possibility of destruction of entire cities • Nuclear fallout - streams of radioactive particles caused by nuclear explosions

  25. Threat of Nuclear War • Federal Civil Defense Administration (FCDA) – prepare public for nuclear emergencies

  26. Watch “Duck and Cover”

  27. Threat of Nuclear War • Air raid sirens • Handbook “How to Survive and Atomic Bomb” • Taught children techniques for surviving nuclear blast • Heightened the fear of the public

  28. Threat of Nuclear War • Interstate Highway System (1956) • Means of ground transportation • Evacuate cities into the countryside

  29. Threat of Nuclear War • Many individuals began building fall out shelters • Underground bunker, stocked with food and supplies

  30. Threat of Nuclear War • U.S. began a rapid expansion of the military during peacetime • “military-industrial complex” – permanent arms industry • Eisenhower viewed this as necessary, but a potential threat to freedom

  31. Do you think that the U.S. government should spend huge sums of money preparing for conflicts that it may never fight?

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