GRM brief introduction

GRM brief introduction Institute of High Energy Physics, CAS

Sciences • GRM will contribute to GRB-related studies in the following aspects: • a) GRB physics including progenitor, jet mechanism and components, energy dissipation mechanism and radiation mechanism. • b) Multi-messenger studies including gravitational wave, neutrinos and high-energy cosmic rays. • c) Cosmology and fundamental physics. • GRM will significantly contribute to Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs). • TGFs are brief (~ 1ms) and energetic (up to several MeV) radiation events originated from thunderstorm and lightning. Almost all of TGFs are discovered by Gamma-ray detectors in the low Earth orbit (e.g. Fermi/GBM, RHESSI).

Scientific requirements (SR) • [SR1] Discover a variety of GRBs, including short GRBs lasting 5 ms to 2 s, long GRBs up to 1000 s, X-ray rich GRBs. • [SR2] Provide fast trigger to short GRBs. • [SR3] Observe GRBs in wide energy band (4 keV – 5 MeV) from T0-5 min to T0 + 10 min. • [SR4] Provide synergy observation to Gravitational Wave objects. • [SR5] Discover and observe TGFs.

Functional requirements (FR) • [FR1] GRM shall provide the spectral observation on GRBs from 15 keV to 5000 keV; • [FR2] GRM shall provide on-board trigger and measure duration of GRBs (especially short and hard GRBs); • [FR3] GRM shall measure the GRBs’ peak energy in hard X and soft gamma ray band in near real-time; GRM shall be combined with ECLAIRs to estimate GRB peak energy more accurately; • [FR4] GRM shall provide the alert of entering high particle flux places (e.g. SAA). • [FR5] GRM shall provide rough localization for GRBs.

GRM specifications

GRM devices & functions 241Am+PS+SiPM GRD calibration • SAA alert • Data process, • Data management • Power supply, etc. • PS: to monitor particle flux • to reject Particle Precipitation Events • NaI(Tl): X-ray detector (15~5000 keV) • 3 GRDs with different orientations

GRM working principle

GRM working mode

GRM data – through X band • In GRB mode (from T0-5min to T0+10min) • Event-by-event data. 6~7 bytes per event which includes energy, time, pulse width, status, etc. • Rebinned spectra (same as spectra in background mode) • Rebinned spectra (additional) • In background mode • Rebinned spectra

GRM data – through S band • Count rates of detectors every second • Calibrated spectra of 3 GRDs every minute • Pulse width spectra of 3 GRDs every minute • Temperature, HV/LV, currents, etc. every 10 seconds

GRM data – through VHF • GRM – PDPU – ECLAIRs • GRM – VHF – GWAC • Rebinned spectra • All involved GRDs in one spectrum; no bkg spectrum; • Epeak can’t be derived Level 1b trigger package through VHF GRM trigger package to ECLAIRs

GRM brief introduction

GRM brief introduction

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