Depression & Anxiety

1. Depression & Anxiety

2. Definition of Depression “According to the National Institute of Mental Health, major depressive disorder is characterized by a combination of symptoms that interfere with a person’s ability to work, sleep, study, eat and enjoy once-pleasurable activities. There are times you may feel sad, lonely or hopeless for a few days. But major depression—clinical depression—is disabling. It can prevent you from functioning normally. An episode of clinical depression may occur only once in a person’s lifetime. More often, though it recurs throughout a person’s life.” --WebMD

3. Definition of Depression • Major depressive disorder is characterized by a combination of symptoms that interfere with a person’s ability to: • Work • Sleep • Study • Eat • Enjoy Pleasurable Activities • Major clinical depression is disabling, preventing you from functioning normally. • An episode of clinical depression may occur only once in a person’s lifetime. • More often, it recurs throughout a person’s life.” National Institute of Mental Health---WebMD

4. Statistics • Women (30%) are twice as likely as men to suffer from depression. Dr. Susan G Karnstein MD. • 80% of people that see physicians are depressed. Archives of General Psychiatry • Depressive disorders affect approximately 18.8 million American adults or about 9.5% of the U.S. population age 18 and older in a given year. NIMH • Depression will be the second largest killer after heart disease by 2020; studies show depression is a contributory factor to fatal coronary disease. World Health Organization

5. Community Impact • Depression results in more absenteeism than almost any other physical disorder and costs U.S. employers more than $51 billion per year in absenteeism and lost productivity, not including high medical and pharmaceutical bills. Rand Corp Report • Everyone, will at some time in their life be affected by depression, their own or someone else's, according to Australian Government statistics. • Children, 5 years old and younger, are the fastest-growing population using antidepressants today. This makes preschoolers leading the growth in the use of antidepressants. ---Study by PSYCHIATRIC SERVICES

6. Pharmaceutical Risks • Standard anti-depressants, SSRIs such as Prozac, Paxil (Aropax) and Zoloft, have recently been revealed to have serious risks, and are linked to suicide, violence, psychosis, abnormal bleeding and brain tumors. FDA Links Antidepressants • Certain neurochemicals are involved (noradrenaline), perhaps as a result of the structural problem. Recent studies indicate that serotonin, which is targeted by most antidepressants (SSRIs), is not as much a factor in depression as the long-term presence of stress hormone cortisol. Psychiatric Times • 15% commit suicide. Agency Healthcare Research & Quality

7. Causes of Depression • Genetics • Hormones • Drug Use / Abuse • Family Relationship Problems • Personality & Developmental Trauma • Poverty • Social Isolation • Electro-Magnetic Field (EMF) Effects

8. Types of Depression • Seasonal Depression (SAD) • Atypical Depression • Chronic Depression • Bi-Polar or Manic Depression • Postpartum Depression Source: WebMD

9. Symptoms of Depression • Loss of energy / fatigue • Weight loss / gain • Change in sleep & eating habits • Irritability • Loss of interest in activities of daily living • Memory, concentration, decision making problems • Persistent physical symptoms • Thoughts of suicide and death No specific blood test for depression; tests for secondary symptoms

10. Neurotransmitter • “Neurotransmitters are the words nerve cells use for communicating with one another and with the cells under their control.” • Some Examples of Neurotransmitters: Serotonin, Acetylcholine, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine and many more.

11. What role does serotonin play in our health? • As a neurotransmitter, serotonin helps to relay messages from one area of the brain to another. Because of the widespread distribution of its cells, it is believed to influence a variety of psychological and other body functions. Of the approximately 40 million brain cells, most are influenced either directly or indirectly by serotonin. This includes brain cells related to mood, sexual desire and function, appetite, sleep, memory and learning, temperature regulation, and some social behavior. • In terms of our body function, serotonin can also affect the functioning of our cardiovascular system, muscles, and various elements in the endocrine system. Researchers have also found evidence that serotonin may play a role in regulating milk production in the breast, and that a defect within the serotonin network may be one underlying cause of SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome). ----Web MD

12. Serotonin and Depression • In the 1950’s scientists discovered that LSD blocked Serotonin • Eli Lilly patented LSD in 1956 and then brought Prozac into society in 1987. • Antidepressant medications that work on serotonin levels  -- SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) and SNRIs (serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors) -- are believed to reduce symptoms of depression, but exactly how they work is not yet fully understood. ---WebMD • There are many researchers who believe that an imbalance in serotonin levels may influence mood in a way that leads to depression. Possible problems include low brain cell production of serotonin, a lack of receptor sites able to receive the serotonin that is made, inability of serotonin to reach the receptor sites, or a shortage in tryptophan, the chemical from which serotonin is made. If any of these biochemical glitches occur, researchers believe it can lead to depression, as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety, panic, and even excess anger. ---WebMD

13. Serotonin and Gut • 95% of the body’s serotonin is found in the gut where it is used to regulate intestinal movements • SSRI’s inhibit the way Serotonin is turned on and off in the mucosal lining of the gastrointestinal tract

14. Enteric Nervous System

15. The Second Brain“Putting the Gut on Prozac” • As Prozac was introduced into the gut it caused peristalsis to speed up. As the concentrations of Prozac were raised the peristalsis slowed down bringing the contents to a halt. • What happened? The mucosal lining awash in serotonin caused the receptors to loose their sensitivity to serotonin and inhibiting the gut’s ability to reabsorb serotonin. Therefore disrupting and impairing the natural action of the colon. ---Research conducted by Michael Gershon, MD

16. What happens when you impair Serotonin Metabolism? • Produces migraines, hot flashes, pains around the heart • Increases difficulty breathing • Worsens bronchial complaints • Increases tension, anxiety and depression, thoughts or acts of suicide • Increases aberrant behaviors such as violent murder-suicide, rage, hostility, violent crime, arson, substance abuse, psychosis, mania, organic brain disease, autism, anorexia, reckless driving, Alzheimer’s, impulsive behavior with no concern for punishment, and argumentative behavior.

17. Ann Blake Tracy FB Posts • WHEN is the world going to wake up to the DEADLY effects of antidepressants???!!! You generally are NOT conscious when you commit suicide on these drugs! They produce a sleep walk state called REM Sleep Behavior Disorder which is where you act out nightmares - clearly this was a nightmare for all involved. Of those being diagnosed with this deadly sleep disorder 86% are taking an antidepressant! ---Ann Blake Tracy • We seem to have forgotten one of the Ten Commandments: "Thou shalt not kill" We have also been told not to shed innocent blood & I do not know what blood could be more innocent than the blood of an unborn child!Although I am sure it is a fact that far more are being killed by their mother's use of antidepressants producing spontaneous abortion or miscarriage - something elevated serotonin levels have long been known to produce! ---Ron Paul

18. A new thought…. • Certain neurochemicals are also involved, such as a surplus of noradrenaline, perhaps as a result of the structural problem. Recent studies indicate that serotonin, which is targeted by most anti-depressants (SSRIs), is not as much a factor in depression as the long-term presence of stress hormone cortisol. ---Psychiatric Times

19. Anxiety • 2.7 percent of people ages 18 and over in the United States, or 6 million people, have panic disorder Source: (NIMH) • Anxiety (also called worry) is a psychological and physiological state characterized by somatic, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral components. • It is the displeasing feeling of fear and concern. • Anxiety is considered to be a normal reaction to a stressor. It may help an individual to deal with a demanding situation by prompting them to cope with it. When anxiety becomes excessive, it may fall under the classification of an anxiety disorder. Source: NIMH

20. Physical Effects of Anxiety • The physical effects of anxiety may include heart palpitations, tachycardia, muscle weakness and tension, fatigue, nausea, chest pain, shortness of breath, stomach aches, or headaches. • As the body prepares to deal with a threat, blood pressure, heart rate, perspiration, blood flow to the major muscle groups are increased, while immune and digestive functions are inhibited (the fight or flight response). • External signs of anxiety may include pallor, sweating, trembling, and papillary dilation. Someone who has anxiety might also experience it subjectively as a sense of dread or panic.

21. Limbic System The limbic system is made up of multiple structures involved in emotion and memory. Three major parts of the limbic system are: -hypothalamus -hippocampus -amygdala.

22. Physiology of Anxiety • What causes panic attacks? Part of it is how the brain responds. One area of the brain, the limbic system, is affected by panic attacks. --- The Lundbeck Institute • The hypothalamus’s main function is homeostasis, and regulates hunger, anger, levels of pleasure, response to pain and other functions. ---Dr. C. George Boeree of Shippensburg University • The hypothalamus is also involved in functioning of the autonomic nervous system, one of the divisions of the nervous system. • The hippocampus plays an essential role in memory. To create a long-term memory, the short-term memory must go through the process of consolidation, which the hippocampus carries out. • The amygdalacontrols a person’s emotional responses to situations, whether it is happiness, sadness or fear. ---HealthGuideInfo.com

23. Supportive TherapiesStress Relief/Anxiety And Depression • Upper Cervical Chiropractic “Get Your Head On Straight and All Else Follows™” • Exercise • Aerobics, Yoga ,Pilates, Walking • Aromatherapy • Meditation • Massage Therapy • Energy Therapy • Psychotherapy • Light Therapy • High Nutrient Eating Plan • ECT (Electroconvulsive therapy)

24. Yoga &Tracy Griffiths • Tracy Griffiths, RPP, RPE, CMT, teaches people all over the world how to incorporate essential oils into various eastern and western health care practices. • Tracy is the Director of Life Energy Institute and Grace Aroma Wellness. She also teaches the aromatherapy component for Donna Karan's Urban Zen Integrative Therapy Program. • Serves on Young Living Essential Oils' Integrated Health Professionals Council. • Her studies in Polarity Therapy have influenced the direction of her bodywork practice to include working within the area of energy medicine.

25. Tracy’s Yoga & Oils • Co Author: Book: Aroma Yoga • Guide for yoga students, yoga teachers, and anyone who wishes to enhance their wellness practices with the use of essential oil therapy. • Recommends essential oils for each chakra to deepen yoga experience. • Essential oils and plant extracts have been utilized for thousands of years for the purpose of healing, cleansing and balancing the body, mind, and emotions. • By combining the use of essential oils with yoga practice, you may find yourself more physically, mentally and emotionally available.

26. Natural Approaches to Depression • Morning Light Therapy • Early morning bright light treatments rights our winter circadian rhythms and neurotransmitter production and is as effective as antidepressants. • Vitamin D3 • Low circulating vitamin D is associated with depression. Needed to regulate moods by increasing serotonin production and feeling of well being. • Omega Fatty Acids • Low fatty acid intake is associated with depression. DHA & EPA are an important structural components of brain tissue. Fatty acids (YL Omega Blue) improve depression. • Regular Exercise • Exercise increase serotonin; as effective as antidepressants. Strength training combined with aerobics is best. Yoga is also effective. • High Nutrient Diet • Dark green leafy vegetables and fruits help prevent oxidative stress to which the brain is highly susceptible. High antioxidant foods help (YL Ningxia Red).

27. Food Is Medicine • These foods stabilize your mood, improve your focus, emotional regulation, and control anxiety. They are high in nutrients, vitamins, minerals, foliate, iron, fiber, and omega 3. • Wild Salmon • Organic Eggs & Butter • Grass Fed Beef • Anchovies • Arugula • Tomatoes • Beets • Chili Peppers • Blue / Red Skin Potatoes • Garlic • Walnuts • Coffee • Avoid: Sugar, Processed Foods, Preservatives

28. Power of Essential Oils Plant Metabolism and Nourishment • Essential Oil (EO) is the Life blood of the a plant • Roll is to circulate through plant tissues and pass through cell walls, carrying nutrition into cells and carrying wastes products out • EO’s act as plant hormones, regulating plant functions and orchestrating the production of vitamins and enzymes • EO’s act as messengers and supervisors within the plant that help coordinate and initial vital activities David Stewart, PhD., DVM The Chemistry of Essential Oils Made Simple

29. Application of EO’s in Humans • Carry oxygen to the cells • Carry waste products out • One of the best body cleansers • Clear cellular receptors sites of pharmaceutical drugs, petrochemicals and disruptors of intercellular communication

30. Application continued…. • Chelate heavy metals and other toxins • Help to remove and flush toxins from the liver, colon, sweat, lungs and kidneys • Act as neurotransmitters, peptides, steroids, hormones enzymes, vitamins and other message-carrying molecules (called ligand) which intelligently assist our bodily functions to restore or maintain wellness David Stewart, PhD., DVM The Chemistry of Essential Oils Made Simple

31. EO’s Homeostatic Intelligence • “Homeostasis is that state where every vital biological process, within a living organism, is functioning as it should. • It is a state of perfect wellness.” David Stewart, PhD., DVM The Chemistry of Essential Oils Made Simple

32. YL Emotional Health & Oils • Diffusion: Lemon, Grapefruit, Tangerine, Citrus Fresh, Peppermint • Topical Application: StressAway Roll-on, Tranquil Roll-on, Lavender, RutaVaLa, Peace and Calming, Peppermint, Rosemary • Emotional Health with Oils: Feelings Kit, Healing Oils of the Bible, Great Day Protocol • Gut Health Products: Alkalime, JuvaPower, ICP, Comfortone, Essentialzyme-4, Parafree, Di-Gize YL Momentum™

33. Great Day Protocol • Developed by Dr. Gary Young N.D. Founder of Young Living (D. Gary Young first shared this protocol at class in Wyoming in 1994) It has been used by thousands of people to help them live happier lives) • Take the Challenge - Simple Act of Self Care - Be Open • Daily AM Intention: Tell the oils how you want them to help you today. • Valor - mood enhancer, balances /grounds our internal & external electrical fields, security, confidence. • Joy - promotes feelings: understanding, positive, loving, compassionate, connected, optimistic; high frequency oil • White Angelica - protective “guardian angel, seals & protects your energy. • Harmony - harmonizes personal energy; settles your fire energy at bedtime. • Daily PM Reflection: How did the oils affect your life today?

34. Resources • Dr. Gary Young, N.D. Founder of Young Living Oils • Stacey Griffiths, RPP, RPE CMT • Wikipedia.com • HealthGuideInfo.com • Uplift Program.com • Dr. Joel Fuhrman M.D., Family Practice; Nutrition Researcher • Ann Blake-Tracy, Ph.D., International Drug Awareness Coalition • Michael Gershon, M.D., The Second Brain • WebMD.com • David Stewart, PhD., DVM, The Chemistry of Essential oils Made Simple

35. Physiology of Panic Attack • The limbic system and panic attacks are highly interconnected. When a person becomes frightened, the body activates the “fight or flight” response, which is carried out by the sympathetic nervous system, a division of the autonomic nervous system. Boeree points out that the sympathetic nervous system’s functions, which the hypothalamus regulates, causes an increased heart rate and dilated pupils. The sympathetic nervous system also increases air flow, opens the eyelids, prevents bowel movements, increases sweating and dilates blood vessels in muscles used to “escape,” while constricting them in other areas of the body. • Other parts of the limbic system activate during a panic attack. Brown University notes that studies using functional MRI, which show activity in the brain, suggest abnormal activation of the hippocampus and parahippocampalgyrus, which surrounds the hippocampus, during a panic attack. One part of the limbic system highly affected by panic attacks is the amygdala. Since the amygdala is involved in emotional learning, it creates a conditioned fear response. For example, if an upcoming presentation caused the first panic attack, remembering the presentation or facing a new one can trigger the conditioned fear response. • The amygdala has direct connections to other parts of the brain, which result in the different panic responses. For example, the University of Wisconsin-Madison points out that when the amygdala receives the stimuli and sends the conditioned fear response to the hypothalamus, it results in a rapid heart beat, blood pressure elevation, pupil dilation and paleness. Signals sent from the amygdala to the brain stem reticular formation results in an increased startle response, while signals sent to the paraventricular nucleus, which is in the hypothalamus, causes corticosteroid release. The amygdala can also affect the nerves: signals sent from the amygdala to the trigeminal and facial motor nerves result in fear expressions. Other amygdala responses during a panic attack: signals sent to the parabrachial nucleus (panting, respiratory distress); signals sent to the ventral tegmental area and locus coeruleus (increased vigilance and behavioral arousal); and signals sent to the central (periaqueductal) grey (freezing).