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Understanding Prehistory: Advantages, Disadvantages & Human Migration

Explore primary and secondary sources, prehistory meaning, migration patterns, agriculture impact, and early civilizations without writing. Delve into cave paintings, Neolithic Revolution, and characteristics of civilizations.

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Understanding Prehistory: Advantages, Disadvantages & Human Migration

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  1. Warm Up – January 23 Answer the following questions on a post it: 1. Describe one advantage and disadvantage of a primary source 2. Describe one advantage and disadvantage of a secondary source 3. What do you think the term “pre-history” means? 4. If early civilizations did not have writing, how can we learn about them?

  2. Unit 1: Prehistory and the Early river valley Civilizations Early Human

  3. Human Migration & Beginning of Agriculture • Setting the Stage: Who are we? • Evidence suggests humans could be much olderthan originally thought • Scientists use artifacts to search for answers • Artifact: human made objectslike tools and jewelry • Unfortunately, prehistory can leave more questions than answers • Prehistory: time before the invention of writing

  4. Human Migration & Beginning of Agriculture 2. Humans Migrate – Paleolithic Era (Old Stone Age) • Humans are known as homo sapienswhich means “wise men” due to brain size • Eventually homo erectus & homo sapiens migrated out of Africa • Early humans were nomads or highly mobile peoplewho move from place to place foraging, or searching for new sources of food • All early humans were also hunter-gatherers • Hunter-gatherers: those whose food supply depended on hunting animals and collecting plant foods; made shelters out of animal bones • Estimates show they started leaving Africa around 125,000 years ago

  5. Human Migration & Beginning of Agriculture • Settled in Europe 33,000years ago, China 67,000 years ago, Australia 38,000 years ago, North America 12,000years ago, and South America 12- 33,000 years ago • We know this due to similar stone tool artifactsfound in different regions that date to roughly the same time period • Shows that early humans used technology: applying knowledge, tools, and inventions to meet their needs • Used cave paintingsto show what they lived in, where they lived, what they hunted and the weapons they used to hunt

  6. Cave Paintings • Prehistoric humans used images from their daily lives and from their imaginations to create cave paintings using materials such as blood and soil Images showed: • where they lived and what they lived in • what they ate and how they caught it • Showed the different tools that they used

  7. Cave Painting Activity Imagine you are a prehistoric hunter-gatherer, and you are drawing on a cave wall to tell people what your life is like. You cannot use writing, only pictures. Show them the following things: • Where do you live? (mountains, beach, etc.) • What kind of tools do you use? • What do you eat? • Anything else about life as a nomadic hunter-gatherer • Cave paintings will be graded on completion (including all the things I ask you to show), artistic effort and being turned in on time.

  8. Migration out of Africa

  9. Human Migration & Beginning of Agriculture i. Why did they leave Africa? • Competition with other humans • Following animal herds • Human curiosity

  10. Human Migration & Beginning of Agriculture • Agriculture Changes Everything! • Early nomadic humans lived in bands of 25-70people • Around 10,000 years ago, the Neolithic Revolution(New Stone Age) began: the beginning of farming • It started accidentally when some women scattered seedsnear a campsite and noticed crops growing there when they came back next season • Rising temperaturesworldwide provided longer growing seasons • Farming produces more foodthan hunting or gathering

  11. Human Migration & Beginning of Agriculture • More food means a higher population, thus more labor • Due to labor and farming methods, permanent settlementsdeveloped • Permanent settlements turn into villages, villages turn into cities, cities turn into civilizations • Social classesbegin to form based on wealth • Variety of crops and products • Once you reach a certain population, you can begin specialization • Specialization: mastering production of one product

  12. Human Migration & Beginning of Agriculture m. Domestication or taming of animals began as well; use of Metal tools

  13. Coming Up Next…! n. Eventually all of this led to the creation of the first civilization on Earth in Mesopotamia called Sumer

  14. Characteristics of Civilizations • Organized governments • Religion • Jobs • Social Classes • Art and Architecture • Public Works

  15. Map Questions Answer the following questions on the same post it as the warm up: 1. After examining the geography of the four early civilizations, what similarities and differences between the civilizations do you notice? 2. Why were rivers, mountains and deserts important geographic features for these early civilizations?

  16. TOD – January 23 Answer the following questions on the same post it as the warm up: • What is culture? How can we study a civilization’s culture if they did not have a form of writing? • Describe three reasons why people began to migrate out of Africa? • Describe the six characteristics of a civilization

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