1 / 28

Chapter 9

Chapter 9. Language Contact Pidgins, Creoles, & New Englishes. Whaddya Think? . Codeswitching and borrowing are two sides of the same coin…. Pidgins & Creoles: Tok Pisin.

cleta
Download Presentation

Chapter 9

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 9 Language ContactPidgins, Creoles, & New Englishes

  2. Whaddya Think? Codeswitching and borrowing are two sides of the same coin…

  3. Pidgins & Creoles: Tok Pisin • Tasol dispela mi raitim pinis, em mi raitim bai yupela i ken bilip long Jisas em i Krais, em i Pikinini Bilong God. Na sapos yupela i bilip, orait bai yupela i kisim laip long nem belong em. (John 20:31) • But these are written that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that by believing you may have life in his name. (John 20:31) http://www.wycliffe.ca/resources/HTML/soundbytes.html

  4. Pidgin Precipitants • Which of the following contribute to the development of a Pidgin? • Trade • Slavery • Migration • Conquest • All of the above

  5. Pidgin Grammatical Structure • Often not clearly ‘borrowed’ • Defined by deficit • Tense often by inference or adverbs • Simplified pronouns

  6. ‘Less than complete’ Not primary No native speakers… Often for business Rapidly developed Vocab often borrowed Pidgin Key Points

  7. Pidgin Vocab • Limited Lexicon • Polysemy (meaning) • Multifunctionality (syntax) • Circumlocution (creative syntax  meaning) • Compounding (Lexical) • Reduplication (Lexical // syntactic) Give examples of each(from experience or from the text)

  8. Pidgin Origin Theories • Explaining Similarities • Monogenesis • Independent parallel development • Linguistic universals

  9. Didja Git It? Which of the following is a pidgin? • AAVE • Appalachian English • Common Moroccan Arabic • Gullah • None of the above

  10. Diddja Git It? • Tasol dispela mi raitim pinis, em mi raitim bai yupela i ken bilip long Jisas em i Krais, em i Pikinini Bilong God. Na sapos yupela i bilip, orait bai yupela i kisim laip long nem belong em. (John 20:31) Tok Pisin is a pidgin

  11. So What… … ISan example of pidgin? What makes the others creoles?

  12. Questions… … before we move on?

  13. Creole Key Points • Complete language • First language • For at least some • Typically develop from pidgins

  14. Creoles • Expanded: • Vocabulary • Phonological rules • Syntax • Full fledged language • Stigmatized by it’s origin…

  15. Creolization Theories • Bio-program • Pidginization = 2nd Lang Acq w/ limited input • Creolization = 1st Lang Acq w/ limited input  Creole ≈ underlying ‘human’ language • Gradualism • Language develops from need to talk • True transfer from P  C > 1 generation • Reality…? • Need another theory… (why?)

  16. Questions…. … before we move on?

  17. English Around the World Should the English spoken in countries like South Africa, India, Japan & China be considered • Creole • Pidgin • Standard English • Non-standard English • New Englishes

  18. New Englishes • Original Conception • Few L1 speakers of English • English acquired in school (not home) • English used for multiple purposes(e.g. Lingua franca, gov’t, media, etc.) • Has adopted some vocabulary & grammar from local language(s) • Redefinition is underway & ongoing…

  19. Tendencies in New Englishes • Repeating pronouns • Invariant tags (isn’t it?, no? not so?...) • Double marking of clauses(Although you are away, but you remember) • Phonological interference(AKA enrichment) …Stabilization of SLA strategies…

  20. Views of English in India • Special varietyDistinctly different from UK & US…Nativization… South Asianization… • No more different than UK vs. US Language varieties have always existed… The multi-lingual nature of an area is not significant • Still an alien language An important presence requiring politeness… Not an integral part of the core of life. Implications for Educational & Linguistic policies…

  21. Creolization Shifts • Recreolization •  less like ‘power’ language • Decreolization • Creole becomes more like the “power” language it descended from… • (But… c.f. development of pidgin…)

  22. Decreolization Vocab Related in use & motivation to language in Morocco • Basilect • ‘Deep’ creole • Unintelligible with ‘power’ language • Mesolect • Mid point between the others • Acrolect • Minor differences from ‘power’ language

  23. New Englishes: Tie It Together • Codeswitching • Basilect ≈ solidarity • Mesolect • Acrolect ≈ prestige… • Diglossic tendencies • Government & education • Instructional target = hot political issue

  24. We need an “English Only” policy in the US

  25. Food for Thought…

  26. Linguistic Schizophrenia • New Englishes speakers • Typically don’t accept their own variety as ‘correct’ or ‘prestigious’ • Are also unwilling to accept English…

  27. Homework • Read: “Nations in Asia give English their own flavorful quirks”@ http://faculty.uscupstate.edu/dmarlow • Debate tomorrow… “The Speak Good English Movement”Be ready to take a side, !!!

  28. Coming Soon… • Chapter 11 next (this is a must-read)

More Related