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Ionic Bonding

Ionic Bonding. Formation of Bond. Electrons are transferred from an atom of low electronegativity to one of high electronegativity Anion (-) and cation (+) formed Opposite charges attract – called an electrostatic force. Formula Unit. Simplest ratio of atoms in an ionic compound

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Ionic Bonding

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  1. Ionic Bonding

  2. Formation of Bond • Electrons are transferred from an atom of low electronegativity to one of high electronegativity • Anion (-) and cation (+) formed • Opposite charges attract – called an electrostatic force

  3. Formula Unit • Simplest ratio of atoms in an ionic compound • Charges combine to form a net of zero • Formulas are not molecules: they do not show exact numbers of atoms just ratios • Another term for an ionic compound is salt

  4. Example • Show how the bond forms in each pair and tell the formula unit Ca and F K and O Al and O

  5. Ions Arrangement • Opposite ions arrange themselves with each positive ion surrounded by negative ions and each negative surrounded by positive ions • Where potential energy is lowest • This arrangement is called a crystal lattice

  6. Lattice Energy • Energy released when one mole of an ionic compound is formed from its ions • Values will always be negative, because energy is released • The larger the negative value for the lattice energy, the stronger the ionic bond in the crystal is

  7. Lattice energy Compound(kJ/mol) NaCl −787.5 NaBr −751.4 CaF2 −2634.7 CaO −3385 LiCl −861.3 LiF −1032 MgO −3760 KCl −715

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