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Methodology to Search for Massive Particle in Cosmic Rays

Methodology to Search for Massive Particle in Cosmic Rays. Takeshi SAITO Institute for Advanced Studies , Shinjyuku 1-29-6, Shinjyuku, Tokyo, 160-0022 Japan saito.t@mx3.ttcn.ne.jp Yoshikazu HATANO Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo

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Methodology to Search for Massive Particle in Cosmic Rays

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  1. Methodology to Search for Massive Particle in Cosmic Rays Takeshi SAITO Institute for Advanced Studies, Shinjyuku 1-29-6, Shinjyuku, Tokyo, 160-0022 Japan saito.t@mx3.ttcn.ne.jp Yoshikazu HATANO Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, 227-8582 Japan Tomotake YANAGITA Gunma College of Technology Toriba, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8530, Japan

  2. Contents Ⅰ The existence of massive particle has been excluded in the past cosmic ray studies????? Ⅱ Possibility for observing the particles on the surface (ground) experiment. Scenario 1. Strange Quark Matter Scenario 2. Technibaryon-nucleus atom ⅢProposed experiment and the preliminary results

  3. → Exotic Phenomena at E > 1016 eV ～100 MeVｰGeV/nucleon → A big area of detector A few m2 detecotr

  4. ⅠThe existence of massive particle was excluded in the past cosmic ray studies? There had been a number of claims for detecting the massive particles in the history of the cosmic ray Studies. But, Almost of these discoveries were withdrew or rejected as experimental error or statistical fluctuation Some are still surviving! But, They were not rejected, but not confirmed. Almost were forgotten.

  5. What is problem? Can the cosmic ray study contributes to the particle physics? too much phenomenology too much speculative We need “Particle Identification” to confirm the existence of the exotic particles/phenomena. If it is not the case, the exotic will remain as the exotic for ever.

  6. Reconsideration of my past particle experiment

  7. Ideology Anomalous Cosmic Rays DNA ← Particle Identification Space Experiment ← Phenomenology Speculation Similar/higher Fluxes ← Particle Identification Surface Experiment Not necessary for a large area detector but delicate/precisely instrument DNA A + B → The Particles + anything

  8. Ⅱ Possibility for observing the particles on the surface experiment １．Strange Quark Matter, True ground state of QCD ! SQM:R.L.Jaffe, Phys.Rev.Lett. 38, 195(1977), E.Witten, Phys.Rev.D30,272(1984). and others; many publications! Cross Section: M.S.Barger and R.L.Jaffe, Phys. Rev.Lett.C35, 213(1986). Mass Formula:M.Kasuya,T.Saito and M.Yasue Phys.Rev.Lett. D47, 2153(1993). Production of light SQM: R.N.Boyd and T.Saito, Phys.Lett. B298, 6(1993) Propagation of SQM in the atmosphere • (1) Possible long mean free paths; LHe～180 g/cm2 (Z=2, A～40) • (2) Produce the fragments, H, He,・・・・・ shell-like structure • Increase of mass due to absorption of neutrons (N2) • dMs/dX={f(b)×Mn}/λ

  9. Schematic v iew of propagation ( not include neutron absorption ) Z=1,A=20 PiH=2, λ=236 g/cm2 Z=2, A=40 PiHe=0.8,λ=186 g/cm2 Z=14,A=400 λ=84 g/cm2 We can expect higher intensity of the PARTICLES than flux of Primary SQM at the top of the atmosphere

  10. 2. Negatively charged massive particles; X- • Technibaryon- Nucleus Atom • R.N.Cahn & S.L.Glashows、Science 213, 607 (1981). • R.N.Boyd et al., Science 244, 1450(1989)。 • K.Mori and T.Saito, 24th ICRC, 1.1 878 (1995). • Spectroscopic Analysis on terrestrial materials: 10-20 for C • Electromagnetic Collision • Hamiltonian • H = P2/2MN - 3Zα/2r0 + Zα/2r0 (r/r0)2, r < r0 • = P2/2MN - Zα/r , r > r0 • P : momentum, MN: mass of the nucleus, r0 = 1.2 A1/3 fermi • α: fine structure constant • AZX→AZ＋X- (photoionization), AZ + X- →AZX(capture) • in a high temperature (Big Bang, in Star)

  11. 14N ● X- 4He ● X- Technibaryon-nucleus atom in the atmpsphere Capture Cross Section Analogy to the proton-electron recombination <σv>e～ 10Z4α3me-3/2/√T <σv>X = (me/mA)3/2 <σv>e ～ 4×10-23 cm3s-1 Possible Observation Primary: 4HeX (Z=1) Atomic collision and capture of atmospheric nuclei: 14NX (Z=6) Singly charged: X-

  12. 1m×1m ×3m height T1 C0 S1 P１ C1 C2 S2 P２ S3 A S４ A S５ A S６ P３ A S７ A P４ T２ S８ ⅢProposed experiment and the preliminary results

  13. 1m×1m ×3m height T1 C0 S1 P１ C1 C2 S2 P２ S3 A S４ A S５ A S６ P３ A S７ A P４ T２ S８ Composition of Instrument

  14. T1 C0 S1 P１ C1 C2 S2 P２ S3 A S４ A S５ A S６ P３ A S７ A P４ S１ S２ S３ S４ S５ S６ S７ S８ T２ S８ Method for Mass Identification

  15. C0=C1=C2=1, β=1 S1 S2S3S4S5S6S7S8 S1 S2S3S4S5S6S7S8

  16. C0=C1=C2=1, β=1 S1 S2S3S4S5S6S7S8 S1 S2S3S4S5S6S7S8

  17. C0=C1=C2=0　 →　β≦0.6645 TOF → β= 0.4 10mp>m>3mp S1 S2S3S4S5S6S7S8

  18. Conclusion • No event for particles of M≧100 • but only in 1 week test running • 0.05 /m2sr hr • 2. 10mp>m>3mp • This may recall the forgotten events; • ??? • 3. Our instrument has enough sensitivity for M≧10 • The proposed 5 year running will reach; • 0.0002/ m2sr hr • For region of M≦10, our instrument is not perfect. • We need more improvement. Past Balloon Experiment: 0.02/ m2sr hr AMS candidates (He): 0.18/ m2sr hr ～5mpevents 0.072/ m2sr hr P.C.M.Yock, Phys. Rev D23 1207(1981) only in 1 week test running

  19. Present Instrument Proposal 1 Tien-Shan

  20. 1m×1m ×3m height T1 C0 S1 P１ C1 C2 S2 P２ S3 A S４ A S５ A S６ P３ A S７ A P４ T２ S８ Proposal 2 Our detector is not special. This is very standard and very simple. Everybody can do. For example, TOF (β≦0.5) The same one is not necessary. Methodology is the most important. I propose to construct the similar detector, using used detector of wreckage of detectors.

  21. ← TOF ← C(β≧0.5) T1 C(β≧0.6645) Present Instrument T2

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