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Introductory Plenary Session Prof. Boaventura de Sousa Santos , University of Coimbra, Portugal

Introductory Plenary Session Prof. Boaventura de Sousa Santos , University of Coimbra, Portugal. Forced Migration and Development Ms. Christine Aghazarm , International Organization for Migration; Dr. Usha Ramanathan , Independent Law Researcher, India Moderator: Amanda Walker.

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Introductory Plenary Session Prof. Boaventura de Sousa Santos , University of Coimbra, Portugal

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  1. Introductory Plenary Session Prof. Boaventura de Sousa Santos, University of Coimbra, Portugal

  2. Forced Migration and Development Ms. Christine Aghazarm, International Organization for Migration; Dr. UshaRamanathan, Independent Law Researcher, India Moderator: Amanda Walker

  3. Forced Migration and Development • Forced migrants in the global South: the miscounted • Forced migrants find themselves in a legal limbo between international and national protection frameworks. • Article 1(2) Geneva Convention: “owing to well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion” • No recognition of persons displaced by environmental disaster or development projects.

  4. Forced Migration and Development • Environmentally-induced displacement • The Asian Tsunami 2004: estimated 1 to 2 million displaced persons. • Developmentally-induced displacement • The Narmada Dam Project: over 320,000 persons displaced as a direct result of the SardarSarovar Project.

  5. Forced Migration and Development • Working towards a more inclusive discourse: • The value of a rights-based approach • Responsibilities? • Alternative models of development - participatory dialogue

  6. Forced Migration and Development Ms. Christine Aghazarm, International Organization for Migration; Dr. UshaRamanathan, Independent Law Researcher, India Moderator: Amanda Walker

  7. Subsistence and Development Dr. Philippe Cullet, SOAS; Prof. Ann Stewart, University of Warwick; Dr. Jonathan Ensor, Practical Action Moderator: Nimisha Kumar

  8. Subsistence and Development • Problem: Trade liberalisation in agriculture • Food insecurity. • WTO Agreement on Agriculture: Reduction of tariffs in the South; subsidies in the North. • TRIPS: increase in food prices. • Speculation • Agribusiness: less is paid to farmers. • All of this leads to the current food crisis.

  9. Subsistence and Development • Alternatives to the current trade regime: • Securing the right to food. • Strengthening domestic markets and food production. • International trade rules to comply with human rights standards. • Food sovereignty.

  10. Subsistence and Development Dr. Philippe Cullet, SOAS; Prof. Ann Stewart, University of Warwick; Dr. Jonathan Ensor, Practical Action Moderator: Nimisha Kumar

  11. Governments in the Global South and Development Prof. UpendraBaxi, University of Warwick; Dr. Celine Tan, University of Birmingham Moderator: Paul Kohlenberg

  12. “Precisely because of its political dominance in the contemporary world, however, the state is the central institution available for effectively implementing internationally recognized human rights.” Jack Donnelly. Universal human rights in theory and practice, Cornell University Press, 2003, 2nd ed., p. 36.

  13. Cameroon during the 2007-2008 Food Crisis: • Rioting in late February 2008, against inflating food prices. • Rice prices more than tripled. Prizes of wheat and maize doubled. • Cameroon and Global Food Trading: • 1/3rd of globally traded rice sourced for Africa. • After Structural Adjustment Program, rice imports doubled, domestic production stopped growing. • Government Measures against the Crisis: • Import tax reduction. • Direct negotiation with retailers.

  14. “Human rights are required to civilize both democracy and markets by restricting their operation to a limited, rights-defined domain.” (Donnelly, 2003, p. 202)

  15. UNHCR, December 2008 Statistical Analysis

  16. Refugee population by UNHCR regions, end-2007 UNHCR, December 2008 Statistical Analysis

  17. Major refugee hosting countries (end 2007) UNHCR, December 2008 Statistical Analysis

  18. Governments in the Global South and Development Prof. UpendraBaxi, University of Warwick; Dr. Celine Tan, University of Birmingham Moderator: Paul Kohlenberg

  19. Concluding Plenary Session Prof. Sammy Adelman, University of Warwick; Prof. UpendraBaxi, University of Warwick

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