The South and West Transformed

1. The South and West Transformed EQ: What were the most important developments in the South and West?

2. The Effects of the Civil War on Industrialization • Expansion of Northern Industrialization and Markets • American factories mass-produced goods which brought down prices. • The West and South produced food and raw materials and the North produced manufactured goods. • wheat, corn, livestock, iron, timber, gold, silver, coal • The US needed faster ways to ship and trade between regions of the nation. • Failure of Reconstruction • African Americans in the South had rights on paper but not in real life. • 13th, 14th, 15th Amendments CSS 11.2.2

3. Territorial Growth of the United States • During this period the US organized all of its territory between the Mississippi and the Pacific • this new territory was rich in mineral resources, timber, grazing, and farming land CSS 11.2.6

4. Homestead Act, 1862 • People could get 160 acres for $30 if they lived there for 5 years and built a house. • for $1.25 an acre ($200) they could shorten their stay to 6 months • a lot of the land was isolated and farmers resorted to making sod homes because there were no trees • This helped fill in the middle of the country CSS 11.1.4

5. Homesteaders

6. Homesteaders

7. Attempted Assimilation of Native Americans • Dawes Act, 1887 • Indian tribes were forced onto reservations • the government tried to assimilate the Indians into white society by giving them property to farm • Anyone willing to participate got 160 acres and if it they lived on it 25 years they got ownership of the land and U.S. citizenship • Many Indians sold their land and ended up losing about 156 million acres (50% of their reservations) • Indian children were taken from the reservations and educated in white schools • railroads paid for the annihilation of the buffalo so the Indians would have no food

8. Reservation Land in the West

9. Carlysle Indian School

10. Annihilation of the Buffalo the buffalo population went from 15 million head of buffalo just after the Civil War in 1865 to under 2,000 buffalo by 1885

11. Attempted Assimilation of Native Americans • Ghost Dance Movement • a ceremony to communicate with the dead to regain knowledge of a disappearing culture • the government banned it out of fear that it would cause the Indians to rebel • Wounded Knee, 1890 • the cavalry was ordered to take all of the Sioux firearms • when a deaf Indian refused to give up his gun shooting began • Over 300 Sioux died and 25 cavalry CSS 11.1.4

12. Ghost Dance

13. Wounded Knee, 1890

14. Natural Resources and Industrialization • America has all of the natural resources needed to have strong industry • coal, timber, oil, iron • The rivers and lakes make an excellent natural transportation network • everything in the middle of the nation drains into the Mississippi River CSS 11.2.6

15. Natural Resources and Industrialization

16. Importance of the Railroad • Railroads made transportation faster, cheaper, and more efficient • the resources needed to build the transcontinental railroad helped encourage industry • between 1865 and 1900 the US built over 150,000 miles of railroad • mining, lumber, steel mills, chemical plants • Land Grants • the state and federal government gave over 200 million acres to the railroad companies • This cut the cost of building and the railroad made a killing selling the extra land

17. Importance of the Railroad • Union Pacific and Central Pacific, 1869 • cheap (and disposable) Irish and Chinese labor finished the first transcontinental railroad in Utah • Railroads became incredibly rich and powerful • Time Zones • Railroads created time zones for efficiency Cecil P. Huntington Leland Stanford