Pollution of Mercury From Industry

1. Pollution of Mercury From Industry By Sunisa Sangjun                    ID 101089 Napaporn Leadprathom        ID 101090 Tawach Prechthai             ID 101091 Tran Manh Hung                 ID 102314 Nguyen Hoai Nam                ID 102322 Supat Ponza                     ID 102848

2. Overall • Introduction • Chemical Properties • Common Applications of Mercury • Sources release the mercury into environment • Environmental Issues • Ecological Impacts • Human Health Impacts • Abatement on Mercury • Treatment Technology • Abatement Management • Prevention & Control • Regulation

3. Introduction Chemical Properties Common Applications of Mercury Sources release the mercury into environment

4. 1. Chemical Properties - Atomic Number: 80- Atomic Weight: 200.56 g- Density: 13.55 g/ml at 300oK- Melting Point: -38.7o C- Boiling Point: 357o C symbol Normally at room temperature mercury metal exists as a liquid 2. Common Applications of Mercury Fluorescent Lamp Thermometers Batteries Barometer

5. 3. Sources release the mercury into environment Chlor - alkali industry Coal combustions Volcano Dental clinic

6. Environmental Issue: Ecological Impacts

7. Mercury in Ecological Systems • There are 3 forms of mercury; Hg 0 ↔ Hg 2+ ↔ CH 3 Hg + • Inorganic mercury is the most soluble and bioavailable • Inorganic mercury can transform to methylmercury, which more toxic and bioaccumulation, by the process call Methylation • Biomagnification is strongly enhancing the impact of mercury on ecosystems

8. Mercury: Ecological Impacts • Affect on development and survival rate of microorganisms • Affect on physiological and biochemical abnormalities, and reproduction system of aquatic organisms • Affect on enzyme systems, cardiovascular function, blood parameters, the immune response, kidney function and structure, growth rate, and behaviour of terrestrial organisms

9. Environmental Issue: Human Health Impacts

10. Human Health Impacts • Depend on its Hg forms, dose, duration, route, age, etc • Human Exposure • Skin contact – skin care, medical products, dental works • Inhalation- Hg evaporates, workplace • Ingestion -most common way, in “fish” • Minimata, Japan, 1932-1968 • 27 tons Hg compounds dumped into Minimata Bay from the Chisso Corporation: used a Hg catalyst • "Minimata Disease” • Trouble walking/speaking • Numbness • Paralysis/Deformity • Convulsions/Death

11. Human Health Impacts (cont.) • Pregnancy and Fetus • Affects development of the fetal brain • Lowered intelligence, Impaired hearing &coordination • ChildrenImpairment of developing CNS, pulmonary & nephrotic damage • Occupational Health • Major elemental Hg •  Liquid & Vapor  Inhalation & Absorption •  Nervous, Digestive & Respiratory System and Kidney damage, Death

12. Abatement on Mercury Treatment Technology Abatement Management Prevention & Control Regulation

13. Mercury Treatments Wastewater WWTP Effluent Sludge/residue Air pollution control system Air pollution Air emission Residue Mercury bearing waste Treatment system Reused Land disposal

14. Wastewater mercury • Precipitation process • Adsorption processes • Ion exchange processes • Other e.g. chemical reduction, membrane separation, biological treatment, etc Mercury contaminated air treatment -     Carbon filter bed technology  -     Wet scrubber technology  -     Activated carbon absorption - Other e.g. ESP, FF • Roasting and retorting • Incinerating • Alternative technology e.g. Removal • and recovery, immobilization, • thermal chemical oxidation • Disposal e.g. landfill, subseabed • emplacement, stabilization, surface, • shallow, and deep storage Mercury bearing waste

15. Abatement Management • PREVENTION & CONTROL • Reducing mercury • mining and consumption • 2. Substitution • 3. Control mercury release • (End of pipe technology) • 4. Mercury waste management • Regulation • REGULATION • National level • Environment media • Standard • -Emission standard • Product and product • container • Others e.g. occupational International approach Basel convention Rotterdam agreement IPSC/ ILO /WHO

16. Prevention & Control • Reducing mercury mining and consumption • e.g. improve efficiency in raw material using • address problem- cost-effective Substitution e.g. batteries, chor-alkaline technology address problem- cost-effective and long lifeproduct Control mercury release e.g. boiler, incinerator address problem- waste still have mercury Mercury waste management e.g. tax on waste disposal, prohibit on transport boundaries, landfill and storage, recycle approach address problem-complex sources, high investment

17. Regulation • 4 Common approach- environment media, emission, product, other • Characterize by LCA Prevent or limit use in intentional and industries process Point sources Limit mercury in product, Ban product that have mercury Product Recycle mercury, limit mercury in sludge Disposal

18. Conclusions • High bioaccumulation and biomagnification of Hg is the major issue of ecological impacts • Different form of Hg can cause different health impacts and the most valuable group is fetus and children • More complicate and hard to handle with Hg waste because it is hazardous waste • Trend to reduce use of Hg in industries esp. developed countries

19. Thank You