¡Todo sobre España!

1. ¡Todo sobre España! • Most everything you should know about Spain.

2. Díme- what do you know? • At this time, please raise your hand and tell SeñoraVallazza what you know about Spain. • This includes - sports, famous people, food, etc. • Let’s discuss for two minutes.

3. Spain & Spanish • How both are related

4. Spain • It’s a country! (In case you did not know that. ) • Madrid is the name of its capitol. • Spain is located in southwestern Europe, in between the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea, in the Iberian Peninsula. • It is a country of varying landscapes • Spain has a RICH history. Let’s check it out!

5. History of Spain • I can tell you’re EXCITED!

6. The Romans • Back in the time of Caesar...or the fifty or so Caesar’s that existed...There was the desire to conquer! • Let’s all hop on our horses, prance about and CONQUER NEW LANDS! • Romans wanted to build a great Empire. • Invaded colonies in Spain and ended up conquering most of the Iberian Peninsula.

7. The Romans and Hispania • Hispania is the name given to the province where current day Spain is located. • Several meanings all point to “the edge of the land”. • Romans spoke Latin. They brought their language and customs. Several dialects of Latin in Hispania were born. Spanish is one of them. Which makes Spanish a Latin based or Romance language. (Not that it’s romantic.)

8. Fall of Rome • Ok, ok...I know...this is a lot of history, but you have to learn it! :D (and hey, you can impress your history teachers and tell them. “I learned it from my Spanish teacher!) • In the year 409, the Roman Empire began to fall. They quickly lost control of their faraway lands. Oh, snap! • This would include Spain.

9. Visigoths - Who?! • A tribe from somewhere in present-day Germany, the “Visigoths” decided they would wander around Europe, conquering lands as well. • They liked Spain so much, they conquered Hispania too. • This happened in 419.

10. Conquering Club • The Visigoths stuck around until 711, when a lovely group of people from the south of Spain, from northern Africa, crossed the Straits of Gibraltar and decided, “Hey! We want to join your Conquering Club too!”. They were known as “The Moors”.

11. The Moors • The Moors were Muslims from North Africa. • They got bored one day and decided to conquer the southern part of modern day Spain, Andalucía.

12. The Moors (con’t) • As a result of Moorish conquest from 711 A.D., there was a mixing of cultures between Muslims, Jews and Christians in Spain for several centuries. • There was a mutual respect for everyone’s culture and religion during this time, although if you chose not to follow Islam, you were taxed once a year for being Christian or Jewish. • The Moors were actually really smart. They were very scientific, mathematical and architectural type of people. Their influence can still be seen with architecture in Spain an as well in the foods and language.

13. Info Check!

14. So far... • Which tribe conquered Spain in 419? • What about in 711? • What did the Romans bring with them when they conquered Hispania? • What name does “Edge of Land” stand for? • How often were Jews and Christians taxed? • What contributions did the Moors bring to Spain? • What is the name of the peninsula that Spain lies within? • What part of Europe does Spain lie within? (North, Northwest, etc?) • What kind of language is Spanish, Germanic or Latin?

16. La Reconquista • 1492 - around the time Columbus sailed the ocean blue

17. La Reconquista • means “The Reconquest” or better known as “Let’s take our country back” • Result of the Christian parts of Spain lying in the north that had NOT been conquered by the Moors. • Castilla y León and Aragón are PRIME examples of these regions that wanted to reconquer Spain from the Moors.

19. La Reconquista (con’t) • You’re probably confused...I will explain. I mean, what is WITH this conquering?! Why can’t we all be friends?! • The Spaniards were getting tired of the Moors. They wanted their country back. • They wanted to be able to practice Christianity without being heavily taxed for not following Islam.

20. La Reconquista • Two important people that were really important in bringing the Reconquista were the joint King and Queen of Castile - Fernando (Ferdinand) and Isabela. • Let’s learn some more...

21. Spanish Regions • and Provinces

22. Castile • Back in the 1400’s, Spain was not the same size as is it now. It was actually a bunch of other kingdoms. They all lived in harmony as neighbors. “Hey Neighbor! What’s up?” • “Um, not much! Just about to kick some dudes out of my kingdom that have been crouching on my land for like, I don’t know... SEVEN HUNDRED YEARS!” • Castile-León was one of the many kingdoms in Spain at this time. • King Ferdinand of Aragon and Queen Isabela of Castile-León married in 1469 and created a much bigger territory. Castile-León & Aragon.

23. Castile • Ferdinand and Isabela had one vision - to reconquer other kingdoms from Moorish rule, re-establish Christianity and make a bigger country - SPAIN! • Both the King and Queen, around the time that Columbus sailed that ocean blue in 1492, finally achieved that goal --- They kicked the Moors out and back to northern Africa. Bye bye!!!!

24. The Alhambra • A building the Moors constructed and they • didn’t want to leave behind…

25. Finally...a unified Spain • After King Ferdinand & Queen Isabela kicked the Moors out, they finally were able to achieve their goal of a unified Spain. • There were leftover Muslims and Jews after the Reconquista who converted to Catholicism so that they could stay in their country. • Unfortunately, anyone who did not want to convert to Catholicism was either A) kicked out of the country or B) “exterminated”. If you get my drift... • Then Isabela and Ferdinand got bored...again... “What else can we conquer?” • Luckily, Christopher Columbus discovered new lands in places undiscovered ... a.k.a. The Americas or “The New World” • Spain continued to expand their kingdom overseas.

26. Spanish Conquests • King Ferdinand and Queen Isabela wanted to increase their wealth, they looked to Columbus to help expand their kingdom. • Columbus wanted to find India in reality for gold and spices. He also wanted to see if the world was really round. (It is!) Instead he found the Americas! • Columbus initially landed on the Island of Hispaniola, which is modern day Haiti and the Dominican Republic, and claimed it for Spain. • Once Columbus went back to Spain and said, “Hey! Look what I found!”, a whole bunch of other Spaniards said, “I want to do the same thing!” and off they went for fame, fortune and adventure to the New World.

27. Conquests of Spain • Spaniards went out in droves in ships to seek their wealth and fame. • They explored and discovered the modern day parts of Florida, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona and California. • Anything south of the current U.S./Mexico border, the Spanish also “discovered” and laid claim for Spain. They also found precious metals and gems. • Just like most of South America, Spain laid claim to those lands.

28. Quick Info Check!

29. What you’ve learned... • Who are King Ferdinand and Queen Isabela? Why are they important? • What is “La Reconquista”? • Why did Spain want to kick the Moors out? • Which kingdom was Ferdinand from? • What about Isabela? • How long were the Moors in Spain? • What three visions did both Ferdinand and Isabela have? • What year did Ferdinand and Isabela finally kick the Moors out? • What happened to the Jews and Muslims? • Why is Columbus’ discovery and exploration of the New World so important for Spain?

30. Spanish...Español • The Language & others within Spain

31. Useless...But Cool Trivia • Spanish is the official language of Spain. • In Spain, the language is actually known as “Castilian” or “Castellano”. That is because it originally came from the Kingdom of Castile. • There are about 4 co-official languages in Spain, but Castilian (Spanish) is the main official language. • If you say “I speak Spanish” (Habloespañol) in Spain, they will look at you funny. Because they think you mean, “I speak a Spaniard”. • So they say, “I speak Castilian”. “Hablocastellano” • Spanish is the second most widely spoken FIRST-language in the world after Mandarin Chinese but before English, which is the third most spoken first-language.

32. Useless Trivia (con’t) • In the Western Hemisphere, they say “I speak Spanish” (Habloespañol) in most places except in Chile, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. • In those countries of South America listed above, they say “HabloCastellano”. (I speak Castilian).

33. Spanish Speakers • At the time of New World Conquest. In RED.

35. Contributions to Society • and to the world!

36. Did you know?! • How many of you play or like guitar music? • Well, the guitar was actually first MADE in Spain! or invented. • Of Moorish influence. • Cool, huh? :D

37. Did you also know?! • Mayonnaise comes from a city in Spain called “Mahón”. • Called “Salsa Mahónesa”.

38. Flamenco • Type of music and dance from the south of Spain. From a province called “Andalucía”. or in English “Andalusia” • Influenced by the Gypsies and their music.

39. Flamenco • el cante - the song • el baile - the dance • la guitarra - the guitar music • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pe-vaOEGe8U • Let’s check out this link!

40. Architecture

41. Bullfights • El Torero/La Torera: the bullfighter. (or Matador) • Can be a male or female fighter and they carry a red cape. Most typically male dominated sport. • The color red annoys the bull and he charges at the cape and the Torero.

42. Running of the Bulls • An event held in San Fermín, Pamplona, Spain. Takes place every year on July 7th. • Men wearing all white with red belts run through the streets being chased by bulls. • Runners are called “Los San Fermines”

43. Semana Santa • a.k.a. Holy Week. • Week before Easter. • Also celebrates the coming of spring. “Fiestas de Primavera”

44. La Tomatina • Have you ever wanted to participate in a food fight? You can in Buñol, Valencia, Spain! • Takes place the last Wednesday of every August. • People wear white and throw tomatoes at everyone. • Purely for fun!

45. La Tomatina • There are rules to this food fight! • Begins at 10 AM after someone is able to climb to the top of a greased pole. The pole has a ham on top. • Once to the top, that person drops the ham and one shot is fired into the air. • La Tomatina begins and continues for ONE HOUR! • A second shot is fired, signaling the end of the Tomatina. No more tomatoes can be thrown after the second shot. • Tomatoes have to be squashed before throwing to avoid causing injuries to others. • Only tomatoes are to be thrown. Nothing else - NO EXCEPTIONS!

46. Gazpacho • A cold soup for HOT days. • Mostly made from tomatoes, cucumbers and other vegetables. • served cold.

47. Alfajores • A type of biscuit or cookie made from almonds and honey. • Moorish influence. • Eaten widely in Spain.

48. Turrón • Nougat candy made from whipped honey and almonds. • Yummy, but SUPER tough. • If you want to extract a loose baby tooth, you should chew on “turrón” for a while.

49. Paella

50. Paella • Paella is a typical Spanish dish from the Region of Valencia. • Rice, red pepper, shrimp, clams, snails, chicken, saffron and a bunch of other yummy stuff.