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馬友友YO-YO MA AN EXTRAORDINARY MUSICIAN
Ö BIOGRAPHY： • YO-YO MA WAS BORN IN PARIS IN 1995.HIS MOTHER,A FORMER OPERA SINGER,AND HIS FATHER,A COMPOSER AND MUSIC TEACHER,SURROUNDED THEIR SON WITH MUSIC.AT AGE 3,YO-YO BEGAN TO STUDY THE PIANO.HE AMAZED HIS TEACHER WITH HOW QUICKLY HE LEARNED DIFFICULT PIECES. • YO-YO’S FATHER WANTED HIM TO PLAY THE VIOLIN LIKE HIS OLDER SISTER,BUT YO-YO HAD OTHER IDEAS.HE WANTED TO PLAY A “BIG INSTRUMENT.”WHEN HIS FATHER BROUGHT HOME A SMALL CELLO,IT WAS LOVE AT FIRST SIGHT FOR YO-YO.
WHEN YO-YO WAS 4,HIS FATHER BEGAN TO TEACH HIM TO PLAY THE “BIG INSTRUMENT.”HE EXPECTED YO-YO TO LEARN EACH LESSON PERFECTLY.HIS FATHER REQUIRED HIM TO MEMORIZE TWO BARS OF BACH CELLO MUSIC EACH DAY. • HE HAD AMAZING CONCENTRATUON FOR A CHILD. UNLIKE OTHER CHILDREN,HE DIDN’T STOP PLAYING WHEN SOMEONE ENTERED THE ROOM WHILE HE WAS PRACTICING.HE FOCUSED COMPLETELY ON HIS LESSON UNTIL HE WAS FINISHED.THEN WHEN THE LESSON WAS DONE,HE BECAME A NORMAL,ACTIVE LITTLE BOY AGAIN.
THE MA FAMILY MOVED TO NEW YORK IN THE EARLY 1960S.THERE YO-YO BEGAN TO STUDY WITH A FAMOUS CELLIST AND LEARNED A LOT OF DIFFICULT CELLO MUSIC WITH LIGHTNING SPEED.AT AGE 7,HE BEGAN TO STUDY WITH A PROFESSOR AT JULLIARD SCHOOL OF MUSIC. • AFTER HIGH SCHOOL,YO-YO HAD TROUBLE BECIDING WHETHER HE SHOULD PURSUE MUSIC OR STUDY OTHER SUBJECTS.SO YO-YO CHOSE TO DO BOTH.EAGER TO LEARN EVERYTHING HE COULD,HE ENROLIED IN HARVARD UNIVERSITY.AFTER HE GRADUATED,HE TURNED HIS ENERGY COMPLETELY TO MUSIC.
SINCE THEN ,YO-YO HAS RECORDED 50 ALBUMS AND WON 13 GRAMMYS.HE NOW SPENDS HALF THE YEAR ON THE ROAD,PLAYING CONCERTS AROUND THE WORLD. • HE ESPECIALLY LIKES TO BRING MUSIC TO YOUNG AUDIENCES.THAT’S WHY HE GIVES CHILDREN’S WORKSHOPS AND PROGRAMS FOR MUSICIANS AND NONMUSICIANS ALIKE.HIS GOAL IS TO MAKE MUSIC AND CREATIVITY AN IMPORTANT PART OF CHILDREN’S LIVES FROM AN EARLY AGE.IN 1999,HE WORKED WITH A GROUP OF STUDENTS FROM THE MIDDLE EAST,FORMING THEMIDDLE EASTERN YOUTH ORCHESTRA. • ONLY 47 YEARS OLD,YO-YO HAS MASTERED ALL THE MAJOR PIECES WRITTEN FOR CELLO.BUT HE ISN’T SATISFIED.HE CONTINUES TO BE INVOLVED IN EXPLORING AND CREATING DIFFERENT KINDS OF MUSIC.
HE CURRENTLY PLAYS A MONTAGNANA CELLO FROM VENICE MADE IN 1733 AND A DAVIDOFF STRADIVARIUS MADE IN 1712. • SINCE CHILDHOOD,YO-YO HAS HAD THE POWER TO MOVE PEOPLE WITH HIS MUSIC.YO-YO CONTINUES TO DO THAT,AND PEOPLE NEVER TIRE OF LISTENING.
Ö AWARDS： • GRAMMY AWARDS 2001 CROUCHING TIGER,HIDDEN DRAGON IS NOMINATED FOR 1.BEST SCORE SOUNDTRACK ALBUM FOR A MOTION PICTURE,TELEVISION OR OTHER VISUAL MEDIA 2.BEST SONG WRITTEN FOR A MOTION PICTURE,TELEVISION OR OTHER VISUAL MEDIA”A LOVE BEFORE TIME” 3.BEST INSTRUMENTAL COMPOSITION”THE ETERNAL VOW” • YO-YO MA AT THE OSCARS! DIRECTOR ANG LEE’S FILM CROUCHING TIGER,HIDDEN DRAGON HAS WON FOUR ACADEMY AWARDS INCLUDING BEST SCORE!YO-YO MA IS FEATURED ON THE SOUNDTRACK,AND HE PERFORMED AT THE INTERNATIONALLY TELEVISED 73RD ANNUAL ACADEMY AWARDS. • YO-YO RECEIVED THE NATIONAL MEDAL OF THE ARTS IN WASHINGTON,DC ON APRIL 22,2002. • YO-YO MA VOTED ONE OF THE SEXIEST MEN ALIVE BY PEOPLE MAGAZINE FOR 2001!!
ÖYO-YO’S FAVOR~THE CELLO • THE CELLO： • So what is a cello anyways? Most people have heard of one before, but based on my own experiences, people don't know exactly which member of the orchestra it is. So, here I present you with a good summary of what the cello is: • Cello or Violoncello, large, low-pitched musical instrument of the violin family, held between the performer's knees. It is really a bass violin played in an upright position. It has four strings tuned C G d a (C = two C's below middle C; a = the A below middle C). Its range extends over more than four octaves. It is mostly used in string-quartets and orchestras.
The Tail spike is used to balance the Cello when being played; it can be adjusted to any size, and retracts back into the Cello when not in use. The tuning pegs at the Pegbox are used for tuning the Cello, but for real accuracy, the fine tuners are used. The f hole is used to increase the resonance of the Cellos body, thus making the sound produced louder. The 4 Cello strings are thicker that those of the Violin, and are better suited that way to give the Cello its unique sound. The Cello is played by rubbing the bow string over the Cello strings, both in left and right directions.
The earliest surviving Cellos are two from the 1560s by the Italian violinmaker Andrea Amati. Until the late 18th century the Cello was only a supporting instrument, playing bass lines and adding fullness to musical textures. During the baroque era unaccompanied Cello suites were composed (1720?) by the German composer Johann Sebastian Bach, as were Cello concertos by Antonio Vivaldi and Luigi Boccherini, the Italian composers. In the 19th century, works for the Cello included concertos by Johannes Brahms and the Czech composer Antonín Dvorák. In the 20th century, composers such as the Russians Sergey Prokofiev and Dmitry Shostakovich further explored its solo capabilities. The most prominent 20th-century cellist was the Spanish-born Pablo Casals. Other leading soloists are the Russian-born Gregor Piatigorsky and Mstislav Rostropovich, and of course Yo-Yo Ma. Each cellist has made his own special contributions to the world of music.
