The Games for Universe

1. The Games for Universe Yun-Song Piao Interdisciplinary Center of Theoretical Studies Chinese Academy of Sciences

2. Some of Rceent Works Piao, hep-th/0407258, Can Universe Experience Many Cycles with Different Vacua ? accepted in Phys.Rev.D (Rapid Communication) Piao, Feng, Zhang, hep-th/0310206, Suppressing CMB Quadrupole with a Bounce from Contracting Phase to Inflation Phys.Rev.D69 103520(2004) Piao, gr-qc/0410206 Preheating and Dark Sector of Universe

3. The notion that the number of vacua is astronomical • has received much attentions, recently • 1) String Theory • 2) Explaining Observation • The dynamical mechanism • (might select some in which we live) • Eternal Inflation • various regions (bubbles) with different vacua • Other ? • for example, various periods (cycles) with • different vacua

4. It is wellknown that 1) For an expanding universe with dS minimum, it will arrive at a dS regime symptotically. 2) The universe with AdS minimum can not approach an AdS regime, and instead it will stop expanding and enter into a collapsing phase. During the collapsing process, its energy goes up rapidly. The singularity will become inevitable unless there is a mechanism responsible for the bounce. 3) When the universe is in the contracting phase, the field can be driven and roll up along its potential, and arrive at a large enough value for asuccessful inflation to occur in expanding phase for a feasible bounce.

5. The potential for our purpose When the field rolls down to the minima of its potential, the universe will collapse eventually. In the minima of potential The anti-frictional term can be neglected. The motion of equation becomes whose solution is

6. When the anti-frictional term can be not neglected any more, the oscillations of field ends. The universe enters into the regime dominated by kinetic energy. In high energy regime, we take for the bounce During a cycle, the change of field value is approximately When the anti-frictional term can be not neglected any more

10. Some Comments • The efficience of cycle • 2) If cycle is efficient, when the number of cycles is large or approaches infinity, whichever minima is initially in, it can run over almost all minima of potential. • 3) If there is a final theory where some vacua suitable us exist, there are certainly some cycles in which we can live. • 4) In this sense, the universe with a early successful inflation and a late time small cosmological constant may be anthropic one of many cycles.

11. Matching CMB Observation The connection between different vacua provides a suppression of scalar perturbation spectrum on large scale For kinetic dominated and potential dominated phase after matching background

12. The equation of scalar perturbation For kinetic dominated phase For inflation phase

15. Piao, Tsujikawa, Zhang, hep-th/0312139

16. Matching Dark Sector Observations

17. Taking the potential as Considering a coupe to a massive field When phi field crosses the oringin, the occupation number of chi particles suddenly acquire the value

18. The number density of chi particles is approximately The density of dark energy is about the same as dark energy’s at present requires Making phi stay in a false vacumm up to today requires

19. The comoving free streaming scale for nonthermal produced particles is which requiresi

21. Summary • The universe can experience many cycles with different • vacua, under certain conditions. • 2) The connection between two different vacua may give a • possible explanation to the suppression of power spectrum • on large scale, • 3) The production of light particles may make the universe • stay in some state with very long time. • Further, there might few vacua satisfying such conditions, • in which dark matter produced during preheating can trap us • in a cycle dominated by dark energy at late time.