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Chapter 13

Chapter 13. Manifest Destiny. I. Manifest Destiny A. Trails West 1. The Early Pioneers a. Mountain men open the west 1) area of the Great Plains and far west 2) Smith & Beckwourth – fur traders 3) the rendezvous system allowed traders to meet

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Chapter 13

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  1. Chapter 13 Manifest Destiny

  2. I. Manifest Destiny A. Trails West 1. The Early Pioneers a. Mountain men open the west 1) area of the Great Plains and far west 2) Smith & Beckwourth – fur traders 3) the rendezvous system allowed traders to meet with traders from the east at a prearranged site b. the lure of the west had many thinking they could make money c. land speculators bought huge areas of land to sell off smaller sections 2. Settling the West a. early pioneers traveled along routes that led to New Mexico, Oregon, and Utah b. three main trails were: Sante Fe, Oregon, and Mormon

  3. B. The Texas Revolution 1. Changes in Spanish Texas a. Texas – called Tejas b. Tejanos – Spanish descendants that lived in TX when Stephen Austin arrived; Austin begins his American colony in 1821 c. Austin attracted families to move to Texas and soon the Americans outnumbered the Tejanos d. This caused tensions in Texas because the Americans began to resent the Mexican laws 1) Mexican government closes TX to settlers 2) Texans must pay taxes 3) Mexican troops were sent in to keep order

  4. 2. Texans Revolt Against Mexico a. The actions of the Mexican government caused angry protests from both Americans and Tejanos b. Austin went to Mexico City to help stop war, but Santa Anna learned of a letter he wrote stating he would support breaking away from Mexico if the demands he asked for were not met c. In 1835 war begins with Mexican soldiers marching into the town of Gonzales d. February 23 - March 6, 1836 the fight for the Alamo took place e. The Battle of San Jacinto locked Texas victory and their independence from Mexico f. In December 1836, Texas raised its official flag (nickname was The Lone Star Republic) g. That year Texas asked to be annexed to the USA but Congress voted against it

  5. C. The War with Mexico 1. Americans Support Manifest Destiny a. Oregon territory stood in the way of the US attaining the belief of manifest destiny. 1) Great Britain and the US shared ownership 2) In the 1840’s Polk used the slogan, “54 -40 or fight” to gain his way into office 3) Rather than go to war with Britain, Polk decided to compromise and agree to divide Oregon at the 49th parallel. b. Polk’s decision to settle with Britain was due to problems with Mexico because Congress admitted TX as a state to the union.

  6. 2. The War with Mexico a. Polk stations Taylor on the Rio Grande with 3500 troops b. On April 25, 1846 Mexico attacked the troops c. Polk reports to Congress that Mexico invaded our territory persuading Congress to declare war d. US troops marched into New Mexico and California taking control over the areas e. Finally, the defeat of Mexico was more difficult with two forces moving toward Mexico City forcing Santa Anna to surrender.

  7. 3. Impact of Victory a. US attains manifest destiny b. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1) TX was part of the US 2) Mexico agreed the Rio Grande as the border between the two nations 3) Mexico gave up a vast region of southwest (Mexican Cession – see map on page 436)

  8. D. The California Gold Rush 1. A Discovery Changes California a. one month before Mexico lost CA James Marshall discovered gold b. In 1849, people from all over raced to the American River. c. There were many gold seekers: white men, Native Americans, free blacks, enslaved African Americans, foreign miners from Europe, South America, Australia, and China. d. Mining camps were along rivers and poor conditions existed. 1) Tents later changed to wooden buildings 2) few miners got rich 3) mining supplies were expensive 4) exhaustion, poor food, and disease hurt miners’ health

  9. 2. Final Impact of the Gold Rush a. In 1849 California applied for statehood, but this led to opportunities and turmoil for some people. b. Thousands of Native Americans died from disease brought by the newcomers, others were forced out of the gold fields. c. The California state legislature passed a Foreign Miners Tax charging miners $20 a month which caused most to leave. d. California’s economy was booming in banking, manufacturing, and shipping. e. The statehood issue caused problems with free and slave states that would threaten the survival of the union.

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